Copper(II) chloride: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Copper(II) chloride}}
 
{{Infobox chemical
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
| verifiedfields = changed
{{Chembox
| verifiedrevid = 477002002
| Name = Copper(II) chloride
| name = Copper(II) chloride
| ImageFile = Copper(II)-chloride-xtal-3D-balls.png
| image = Copper(II)-chloride-anhydrous-sample.jpg
| ImageSize = 200px
| image_size = 250px
| ImageAlt =  
| image_caption = Anhydrous copper(II) chloride
| image2 = Copper(II) chloride dihydrate.jpg
| image2_size = 250px
| image2_caption = Copper(II) chloride dihydrate
| IUPACName = Copper(II) chloride
| IUPACName = Copper(II) chloride
| othernames = Cupric chloride
| OtherNames = Cupric chloride
| section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
   | CASNo = 7447-39-4
   | CASNo = 7447-39-4
   | PubChem = 24014
   | PubChem = 24015
   | ChemSpiderID = 22400
   | ChemSpiderID = 22400
   | UNII = 8B0V4Q2K8G
   | UNII = 8B1QWR724A
  | ChEBI = 53405
  | ChEMBL = 1231860
  | SMILES = Cl[Cu]Cl
   | InChI = 1S/2ClH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
   | InChI = 1S/2ClH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
   | InChIKey = OYTNKUPXUQMRSV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
   | InChIKey = OYTNKUPFWXDJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
   | SMILES = Cl[Cu]Cl
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
  | Formula = CuCl<sub>2</sub>
  | MolarMass = 134.45 g/mol
  | Appearance = Brown powder
  | Density = 3.386 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
  | MeltingPt = 498 °C
  | BoilingPt = 993 °C
   | Solubility = Soluble in water
}}
}}
| section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
   | CFormula = CuCl<sub>2</sub>
   | MainHazards = Toxic
   | MolarMass = 134.45 g/mol (anhydrous)
   | NFPA-H = 2
   | Appearance = Brown powder (anhydrous), blue-green crystals (dihydrate)
   | NFPA-F = 0
  | Density = 3.386 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous)
   | NFPA-R = 0
   | MeltingPt = 498 °C (anhydrous)
   | NFPA-S =  
   | BoilingPt = 993 °C (anhydrous)
  | Solubility = Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone
}}
}}
}}
}}


'''Copper(II) chloride''', also known as '''cupric chloride''', is a chemical compound with the formula CuCl<sub>2</sub>. It is a light brown solid that slowly absorbs moisture to form a blue-green dihydrate. This compound is used in various applications, including as a catalyst in organic synthesis and as a fungicide.
'''Copper(II) chloride''', also known as '''cupric chloride''', is a chemical compound with the formula [[CuCl2]]. It is a brown powder that is highly soluble in water. Copper(II) chloride is used in various applications, including as a catalyst in organic synthesis and in the production of other copper compounds.


==Structure and Properties==
== Structure and properties ==
Copper(II) chloride is a coordination compound that can exist in an anhydrous form or as a dihydrate. The anhydrous form is a brown powder, while the dihydrate is blue-green crystals. The compound is highly soluble in water, forming a blue solution due to the presence of the [Cu(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>] complex.
Copper(II) chloride is a [[coordination complex]] with a distorted octahedral geometry. In its anhydrous form, it appears as a brown powder, while the dihydrate form is green. The compound is known for its ability to form complexes with other ligands, which makes it useful in [[coordination chemistry]].


The structure of copper(II) chloride in its anhydrous form consists of a polymeric chain, where each copper atom is coordinated to two chloride ions and two bridging chloride ions, forming a distorted tetrahedral geometry.
== Applications ==
Copper(II) chloride is used in several industrial processes. It serves as a catalyst in the [[Wacker process]], which is used to produce [[acetaldehyde]] from [[ethylene]]. It is also employed in the [[textile industry]] for dyeing and printing fabrics. Additionally, copper(II) chloride is used in the production of [[polyvinyl chloride]] (PVC) and as a desiccant in [[laboratory]] settings.


==Preparation==
== Safety and handling ==
Copper(II) chloride can be prepared by the direct chlorination of copper:
Copper(II) chloride is classified as a toxic substance. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper [[safety precautions]] should be taken when handling this compound, including the use of [[personal protective equipment]] such as gloves and goggles. In case of contact with skin or eyes, the affected area should be rinsed thoroughly with water.


<math>\text{Cu} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{CuCl}_2</math>
== See also ==
 
Alternatively, it can be produced by dissolving copper(II) oxide or copper(II) carbonate in hydrochloric acid:
 
<math>\text{CuO} + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{CuCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}</math>
 
==Applications==
Copper(II) chloride is used in a variety of applications:
 
* '''Catalysis''': It is used as a catalyst in organic reactions, such as the Sandmeyer reaction and in the synthesis of chlorine-containing compounds.
* '''Textile Industry''': It is used in the dyeing and printing of textiles.
* '''Fungicide''': Copper(II) chloride is used as a fungicide in agriculture.
* '''Photography''': It is used in some photographic processes.
 
==Safety and Handling==
Copper(II) chloride is toxic and should be handled with care. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this compound.
 
==Also see==
* [[Copper(I) chloride]]
* [[Copper(I) chloride]]
* [[Copper(II) sulfate]]
* [[Copper(II) sulfate]]
* [[Chloride]]
* [[Coordination chemistry]]
* [[Coordination complex]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}


{{Chemistry}}
== External links ==
{{Inorganic compounds}}
* [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Copper-II-chloride Copper(II) chloride on PubChem]


[[Category:Copper compounds]]
[[Category:Copper compounds]]
[[Category:Chlorides]]
[[Category:Chlorides]]
[[Category:Coordination complexes]]
[[Category:Coordination complexes]]
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]

Latest revision as of 21:34, 27 December 2024


Chemical compound


Chemical Compound
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider ID
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Properties
Chemical Formula
Molar Mass
Appearance
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Hazards
GHS Pictograms [[File:|50px]]
GHS Signal Word
GHS Hazard Statements
NFPA 704 [[File:|50px]]
References

Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula CuCl2. It is a brown powder that is highly soluble in water. Copper(II) chloride is used in various applications, including as a catalyst in organic synthesis and in the production of other copper compounds.

Structure and properties[edit]

Copper(II) chloride is a coordination complex with a distorted octahedral geometry. In its anhydrous form, it appears as a brown powder, while the dihydrate form is green. The compound is known for its ability to form complexes with other ligands, which makes it useful in coordination chemistry.

Applications[edit]

Copper(II) chloride is used in several industrial processes. It serves as a catalyst in the Wacker process, which is used to produce acetaldehyde from ethylene. It is also employed in the textile industry for dyeing and printing fabrics. Additionally, copper(II) chloride is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and as a desiccant in laboratory settings.

Safety and handling[edit]

Copper(II) chloride is classified as a toxic substance. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper safety precautions should be taken when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles. In case of contact with skin or eyes, the affected area should be rinsed thoroughly with water.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

<references group="" responsive="1"></references>


External links[edit]

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