Template:Politics of India: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Emblem of India.svg|thumb]] [[File:BoNM - India Ribbon (shadowed).png|thumb]] {{Politics of India}}
| name = Politics of India
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| title = [[Politics of India | <span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Politics of India</small></span>]]
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| list1title    = {{hlist|[[Constitution of India| <span style="color:#FFF;">Constitution</span>]] and [[Law of India| <span style="color:#FFF;">law</span>]]}}
The '''Politics of India''' is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its [[Constitution of India|Constitution]], which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
| list1          =
[[File:Ashoka_Chakra.svg|60px|center]]


* '''[[Constitution of India]]'''
==Structure of Government==


* [[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India|Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and<br>  Fundamental Duties of India]]
===Executive Branch===
* [[Human rights in India|Human rights]]
The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the [[President of India]], who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of Parliament.
* [[Judicial review in India|Judicial review]]
* [[Taxation in India|Taxation]]
* [[Uniform Civil Code]]
* [[Basic structure doctrine]]
* [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|Amendment]]


----
The [[Council of Ministers]], headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
* '''[[Law of India]]'''
----


* '''[[Indian criminal law]]''' <br>
===Legislative Branch===
* [[ Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita]]
India has a bicameral legislature, known as the [[Parliament of India]], which consists of two houses: the [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People) and the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of States).
* [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]]
* [[Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023|Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam]]


----
* '''Lok Sabha''': The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.
* '''[[Code of Civil Procedure (India)]]'''


| list2title    = [[Government of India| <span style="color:#FFF;">Government</span>]]
* '''Rajya Sabha''': The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.


| list2          =
===Judicial Branch===
[[File:Government of India logo.svg|100px|center]]
The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The [[Supreme Court of India]] is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.
----
* '''[[President of India]]'''


* [[Droupadi Murmu]]
==Political Parties==
India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.


* '''[[Vice President of India]]'''
==Elections==
Elections in India are conducted by the [[Election Commission of India]], an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.


* [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
==Federal Structure==
----
India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.
* '''[[Prime Minister of India]]'''


* [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
==Challenges and Issues==
----
The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.
* '''[[Cabinet Secretary of India|Cabinet secretary]]'''


* [[Rajiv Gauba]] ([[ Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
==Also see==
----
* [[Constitution of India]]
*'''[[Union government ministries of India|Union Council of Ministries]]'''
* [[Prime Minister of India]]
 
* [[Parliament of India]]
* [[Union Council of Ministers|List of ministers]]
* [[Supreme Court of India]]
----
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
 
* [[Indian National Congress]]
* '''[[List of agencies of the government of India|Government Departments]]'''
 
* [[Secretary to the Government of India|List of secretaries]]
 
| list3title = [[Parliament of India|<span style="color:#FFF;"> Parliament </span>]]
 
| list3 =
[[File:Logo of Indian parliament.png|100px|center]]
* '''[[Parliament of India]]'''
----
[[File:Lok Sabha.svg|50px|center]]
 
* '''[[Lok Sabha]]'''
 
* [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]] [[Om Birla]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
 
* [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]] ''Vacant''
 
* [[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha|Secretary General]] [[Utpal Kumar Singh]] ([[ Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
 
* [[Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)|House Leader]] [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
 
* [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|Opposition Leader]] ''Vacant''
 
* [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|Members of Lok Sabha]]
 
----
[[File:Rajyasabha.svg|50px|center]]
* '''[[Rajya Sabha]]'''
 
* [[Vice President of India|Chairman]] [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
 
* [[Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha|Deputy Speaker]] [[Harivansh Narayan Singh]]
* [[Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha|Secretary General]] [[Pramod Chandra Mody]]
 
* [[Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)|House Leader]] [[Piyush Goyal]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
 
* [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Opposition Leader]] [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
 
* [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha|Members of Rajya Sabha]]
----
[[File:Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs India.png|100px|center]]
* '''[[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs]]'''
[[Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister]] [[Pralhad Joshi]]
| list4title = [[Judiciary of India|<span style="color:#FFF;"> Judiciary </span>]]
| list4 =
[[File:Emblem of the Supreme Court of India.svg|50px|center]]
* '''[[Supreme Court of India]]'''
 
* [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice ]] [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]]
 
* [[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|Judges of the Supreme Court]] {{small|[[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|(List)]]}}
 
* [[Secretary General of Supreme Court]] [[Atul M. Kurhekar]]
* [[Supreme Court Bar Association (India)|Supreme Court Bar Association]]
----
[[File:Balanced scale of Justice.svg|50px|center]]
 
* [[District Courts of India|District Courts]]
* [[High Courts of India|High Courts]]
* [[Lok Adalat]]
 
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008|Gram Nyayalayas]]
* [[Nyaya panchayat]]
* [[Tribunals in India|Other tribunals]]
----
[[File:Ministry of Law and Justice.svg|100px|center]]
 
* '''[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]]'''
 
* [[Minister of Law and Justice|Minister]] [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
----
* '''[[Law Commission of India]]'''
----
* '''[[Bar Council of India]]'''
 
* [[Attorney-General for India|Attorney-General]] [[R. Venkataramani]]
* [[Solicitor General of India|Solicitor General]] [[Tushar Mehta]]
* [[Additional Solicitor General of India]]
 
----
* '''[[National Legal Services Authority]]'''
* [[Pendency of court cases in India]]
----
* '''[[National Judicial Appointments Commission]]'''
| list6title    = [[Elections in India|<span style="color:#FFF;"> Elections and political parties</span>]]
| list6          =
*'''[[List of Indian presidential elections|Presidential elections]] '''
 
* [[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]]
* [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]]
* [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]]
 
*'''[[List of Indian vice presidential elections|Vice Presidential elections]]'''
 
* [[2022 Indian vice presidential election|2022]]
* [[2017 Indian vice presidential election|2017]]
* [[2012 Indian vice presidential election|2012]]
----
* '''[[List of Indian general elections|Lok Sabha Election (General elections)]]'''
 
* [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
* [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
* [[2024 Indian general election|''2024'']]
 
*[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Parliamentary constituencies]]
 
* '''[[List of Rajya Sabha elections|Rajya Sabha Election]]'''
 
*[[2024 Rajya Sabha elections|2024]]
*[[2023 Rajya Sabha elections|2023]]
*[[2022 Rajya Sabha elections|2022]]
 
* [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha|Seats of State of Council]]
----
* '''[[State Assembly elections in India|State Assembly elections]]'''
 
* [[2019 elections in India|2019]]
* [[2020 elections in India|2020]]
* [[2021 elections in India|2021]]
* [[2022 elections in India|2022]]
* [[2023 elections in India|2023]]
* [[2024 elections in India|''2024'']]
 
----
* '''[[List of political parties in India|Political parties]]'''<br>
* '''National coalitions'''
* [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA)
* [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA)
----
* [[List of political parties in India#National parties|National parties]]
* [[List of political parties in India#State parties|State parties]]
----
* [[Electoral College (India)]]
* [[Election Commission of India]]
* [[Election Commission of India]]
* [[State election commission (India)]]
| list7title    = [[Administrative divisions of India| <span style="color:#FFF;">Administrative divisions </span>]]
| list7          =
* '''[[States and union territories of India|States]]'''
* [[Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
* [[Assam]]
* [[Bihar]]
* [[Chhattisgarh]]
* [[Goa]]
* [[Gujarat]]
* [[Haryana]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[Jharkhand]]
* [[Karnataka]]
* [[Kerala]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Manipur]]
* [[Meghalaya]]
* [[Mizoram]]
* [[Nagaland]]
* [[Odisha]]
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
* [[Rajasthan]]
* [[Sikkim]]
* [[Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Telangana]]
* [[Tripura]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Uttarakhand]]
* [[West Bengal]]
* '''[[States and union territories of India|Union territories]]'''
* [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
* [[Chandigarh]]
* [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
* [[Delhi]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Ladakh]]
* [[Lakshadweep]]
* [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
* '''[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Capitals of State and Union Territory]]'''
* '''[[List of divisions in India|Divisions]]'''
* '''[[List of districts in India|Districts]]'''
* '''[[List of subdistricts in India|Sub-Districts]]'''
* '''[[Community development block]]'''
* '''[[Autonomous administrative divisions of India|Autonomous administrative divisions]]'''
* '''[[Proposed states and union territories of India|Proposed states and union territories]]'''
| list8title    = [[Federalism in India| <span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span>]]
| list8          =
* '''[[State governments of India|Executive]]'''
* [[Governor (India)|Governors]] ([[List of current Indian governors|List]])
* [[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators|Lieutenant governor and administrators]]([[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators|List]])
* [[Chief minister (India)|Chief minister]]([[List of current Indian chief ministers|List]])
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers|Deputy chief ministers]]([[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers|List]])
* [[Template:Current Indian ministries|Ministries of All State and U.T. governments]]
* '''[[State legislature (India)|Legislative]]'''
* [[State legislative councils of India|State legislative councils]]
* [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislative assemblies]]
* [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons|Speakers]]([[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons|List]])
* [[Official Opposition (India)|Official Opposition]]([[List of current Indian opposition leaders|List]])
* '''Judiciary'''
* [[High courts of India|High Courts]]
* [[List of current Indian chief justices|Chief justices of High courts]]
* [[List of sitting judges of the high courts of India|Judges of high courts]]
----
* [[Local government in India|Local government]]
* [[District courts of India|District court]]([[List of district courts in India|List]])
| list9title    = [[Foreign relations of India|<span style="color:#FFF;">Foreign relations</span>]]
| list9        =
[[File:Ministry of External Affairs India.svg|100px|center]]
* '''[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]'''
* [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister]] [[S. Jaishankar]]
* [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]] [[Vinay Mohan Kwatra]] [[Indian Foreign Service|(IFrS)]]
----
* [[List of diplomatic missions of India|Diplomatic missions of]] / [[List of diplomatic missions in India|in India]]
* Ambassadors and High Commissioners [[List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India|of India]] / [[List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India|to India]]
* Foreign aid [[Indian foreign aid|by India]] / [[Foreign aid to India|to India]]
----
* [[Indian passport|Passports]]
* [[Indian nationality law|Nationality law]]
* [[List of Indian extradition treaties|Extradition Treaties]]
* [[Visa requirements for Indian citizens|Visa requirements]]
* [[Visa policy of India|Visa policy]]
----
* [[India and the United Nations]]
* [[India and the Non-Aligned Movement]]
* [[Commonwealth of Nations|India and the Commonwealth]]
* [[2+2 Ministerial Dialogue]]
* [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue|QUAD]]
*:[[United Nations Security Council]]
*:[[G4 nations|G4]]
----
* [[Russia–India relations|Russia]]
* [[China–India relations|China]]
* [[India–United States relations|United States]]
* [[Japan–India relations|Japan]]
* [[Canada–India relations|Canada]]
* [[United Kingdom–India relations|United Kingdom]]
* [[India–Saudi Arabia relations|Arabia]]
* [[India–Iran relations|Persia(Iran)]]
* [[India–European Union relations|Indo-European Union]]
* [[Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation|India–Pacific Islands]]
* [[Africa–India relations|Indo-Africa]] ([[India–Africa Forum Summit]])
----
* [[Mekong–Ganga Cooperation|MGC]]
* [[BBIN]]
* [[BRICS]]
* [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation|BIMSTEC]]
* [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]]
* [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]]
* [[G20]]
* [[IBSA Dialogue Forum|IBSA]]
* [[East Asia Summit]]
* [[Indian Ocean Naval Symposium]]
* [[Indian Ocean Rim Association]]
----
* [[History of Indian foreign relations|History]]
* [[India sanctions|Sanctions]]
* [[Indian diaspora]]
* [[Overseas Citizenship of India|Overseas citizens]]
----
* '''Policy Of India'''
* [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme|ITEC programme]]
* [[Look East policy (India)|Look East policy]]
* [[Pan-African e-Network project]]
* [[Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government|Indira Gandhi government]]
* [[Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government|Narendra Modi government]]
*** [[Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government|Asian]]
*** [[Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government|Middle Eastern]]
*** [[South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government|South Asian]]
*** [[Look East policy (India)#Act East policy|Act East]])
* [[Kashmir conflict]]
* [[Siachen conflict]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|Conflicts with Pakistan]]
* [[Sino-Indian border dispute|Disputes with China]]
* [[Territorial disputes of India and Nepal|Disputes with Nepal]]
* [[List of diplomatic visits to India|State visits to India]]
* [[List of international trips made by prime ministers of India|State visits by prime ministers of India]]
** [[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru]]
** [[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]]
** [[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
** [[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh|Manmohan Singh]]
** [[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi|Narendra Modi]]


| below = {{portal-inline|India}} {{Politics sidebar below|India|portal=Government of India}}
{{Politics of India}}


}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>
[[Category:Politics of India]]

Latest revision as of 15:34, 9 December 2024

Template loop detected: Template:Politics of India

The Politics of India is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Structure of Government[edit]

Executive Branch[edit]

The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the President of India, who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.

The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Branch[edit]

India has a bicameral legislature, known as the Parliament of India, which consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

  • Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.
  • Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Judicial Branch[edit]

The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.

Political Parties[edit]

India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.

Elections[edit]

Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.

Federal Structure[edit]

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.

Challenges and Issues[edit]

The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.

Also see[edit]

Template loop detected: Template:Politics of India

The Politics of India is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Structure of Government[edit]

Executive Branch[edit]

The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the President of India, who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.

The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Branch[edit]

India has a bicameral legislature, known as the Parliament of India, which consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

  • Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.
  • Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Judicial Branch[edit]

The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.

Political Parties[edit]

India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.

Elections[edit]

Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.

Federal Structure[edit]

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.

Challenges and Issues[edit]

The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.

Also see[edit]

Template loop detected: Template:Politics of India

The Politics of India is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Structure of Government[edit]

Executive Branch[edit]

The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the President of India, who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.

The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Branch[edit]

India has a bicameral legislature, known as the Parliament of India, which consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

  • Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.
  • Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Judicial Branch[edit]

The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.

Political Parties[edit]

India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.

Elections[edit]

Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.

Federal Structure[edit]

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.

Challenges and Issues[edit]

The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.

Also see[edit]

Template loop detected: Template:Politics of India

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