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[[File:Vicente_López_Portaña_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg|thumb|Vicente_López_Portaña_-_el_pintor_Francisco_de_Goya]] [[file:Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794.jpg|right|thumb|Courtyard_with_Lunatics_by_Goya_1794]] [[file:Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya,_Fuendetodos,_Zaragoza,_España,_2015-01-08,_DD_06.JPG|right|thumb|Casa_natal_de_Francisco_Goya,_Fuendetodos,_Zaragoza,_España,_2015-01-08,_DD_06]] [[file:Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes.jpg|thumb|Josefa_Bayeu_Francisco_De_Goya_y_Lucientes]] [[file:Caza_con_reclamo.jpg|thumb|Caza_con_reclamo]] [[file:El_Quitasol_(Goya).jpg|thumb|El_Quitasol_(Goya)]] [[file:Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man.jpg|thumb|Goya_-_The_Garroted_Man]] {{short description|Spanish romantic painter and printmaker}}
[[File:Courtyard with Lunatics by Goya 1794.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Casa natal de Francisco Goya, Fuendetodos, Zaragoza, España, 2015-01-08, DD 06.JPG|thumb]] [[File:Josefa Bayeu Francisco De Goya y Lucientes.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Caza con reclamo.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox person
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
| name = Francisco Goya
{{Infobox artist
| image = <!-- No image as per request -->
| name     = Francisco Goya
| caption = <!-- No image as per request -->
| image     = Francisco de Goya y Lucientes - Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, pintor, 1826.jpg
| birth_date = 30 March 1746
| image_size  = 250px
| birth_place = Fuendetodos, Aragon, Spain
| caption   = Self-portrait, 1826
| death_date = 16 April 1828
| birth_name  = Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
| death_place = Bordeaux, France
| birth_date = 30 March 1746
| nationality = Spanish
| birth_place = [[Fuendetodos]], [[Aragon]], [[Spain]]
| occupation = Painter, Printmaker
| death_date = 16 April 1828 (aged 82)
| death_place = [[Bordeaux]], [[France]]
| nationality = Spanish
| field    = Painting, drawing
| movement  = [[Romanticism]]
| works    = ''[[The Third of May 1808]]'', ''[[Saturn Devouring His Son]]'', ''[[The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters]]''
| patrons    = [[Charles IV of Spain]], [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]]
}}
}}


'''Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes''' (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and is often referred to as both the last of the [[Old Masters]] and the first of the [[Modern art|modern]] ones. Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown and a chronicler of history through his art.
'''Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes''' (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a prominent Spanish painter and printmaker. He is often regarded as the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and is sometimes referred to as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns.


== Early life and education ==
== Early Life and Education ==
Goya was born in the village of [[Fuendetodos]], in [[Aragon]], Spain, to José Benito de Goya y Franque and Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador. His family moved to [[Saragossa]] when he was a child. He began his artistic studies at the age of 14 under the tutelage of local painter José Luzán. Later, he moved to [[Madrid]] to study with Anton Raphael Mengs, a prominent painter in the Spanish court.
Goya was born in the small village of [[Fuendetodos]], in Aragon, Spain, to a lower-middle-class family. His father, José Benito de Goya y Franque, was a gilder, and his mother, Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador, came from a minor noble family. Goya's early education was in Zaragoza, where he began his artistic training at the age of 14 under the painter José Luzán.


== Career ==
== Career ==
Goya's early works include a series of [[tapestry]] designs for the [[Royal Tapestry Factory]] in Madrid. These designs, known as ''cartones'', depicted scenes of everyday life and were intended to decorate the royal palaces. His reputation grew, and he was appointed as a court painter to [[Charles IV of Spain]] in 1786.
Goya moved to [[Madrid]] in 1763, where he studied with the painter Francisco Bayeu. He later traveled to [[Italy]] in 1770 to further his studies. Upon returning to Spain, Goya began working for the Spanish court, eventually becoming the official court painter to King [[Charles IV of Spain]].


=== Major works ===
=== Court Painter ===
Some of Goya's most famous works include:
Goya's work as a court painter included portraits of the royal family and other nobility. His style evolved over time, moving from the Rococo style of his early works to a more personal and expressive style. Notable works from this period include ''[[The Family of Charles IV]]'' and ''[[The Nude Maja]]''.
* ''[[The Third of May 1808]]'' – A powerful depiction of the execution of Spanish rebels by French soldiers during the [[Peninsular War]].
* ''[[Saturn Devouring His Son]]'' – Part of the ''[[Black Paintings]]'' series, this work portrays the mythological Titan Saturn consuming one of his children.
* ''[[The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters]]'' – An etching from the series ''[[Los Caprichos]]'', which criticizes the social and political problems of his time.


=== Later years ===
=== Illness and Later Works ===
In his later years, Goya became increasingly disillusioned with the political and social climate in Spain. He moved to [[Bordeaux]], France, in 1824, where he continued to work until his death in 1828. His later works, including the ''Black Paintings'', reflect his dark and pessimistic view of humanity.
In 1793, Goya suffered a severe illness that left him deaf. This event marked a turning point in his career, leading to a darker and more introspective phase in his art. During this time, he created the ''[[Caprichos]]'', a series of 80 etchings that critique the social and political issues of his time.
 
=== The Black Paintings ===
In the later years of his life, Goya created the ''[[Black Paintings]]'', a series of murals painted directly onto the walls of his house, the ''Quinta del Sordo''. These works are characterized by their dark themes and haunting imagery, reflecting Goya's pessimistic view of humanity.


== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==
Goya's influence on modern art is profound. His work has inspired countless artists, including [[Édouard Manet]], [[Pablo Picasso]], and [[Francis Bacon (artist)|Francis Bacon]]. His innovative techniques and unflinching portrayal of human nature have cemented his place as one of the great masters of Western art.
Goya's influence on modern art is profound. His work prefigures the Romantic movement and has been cited as an influence by artists such as [[Édouard Manet]], [[Pablo Picasso]], and [[Francis Bacon]]. Goya's ability to convey emotion and his innovative use of light and shadow have made him a pivotal figure in the history of art.


== Related pages ==
== Also see ==
* [[Spanish art]]
* [[Romanticism]]
* [[Romanticism]]
* [[Old Masters]]
* [[Édouard Manet]]
* [[Modern art]]
* [[Pablo Picasso]]
* [[Peninsular War]]
* [[Francis Bacon (artist)]]
* [[Charles IV of Spain]]
* [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]]
* [[Black Paintings]]
* [[Los Caprichos]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Goya, Francisco}}
[[Category:1746 births]]
[[Category:1746 births]]
[[Category:1828 deaths]]
[[Category:1828 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Spanish painters]]
[[Category:Spanish painters]]
[[Category:19th-century Spanish painters]]
[[Category:Romantic painters]]
[[Category:Spanish romantic painters]]
[[Category:People from Zaragoza]]
[[Category:People from Aragon]]
[[Category:Deaf artists]]
[[Category:Court painters]]
 
{{Spain-painter-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:24, 9 December 2024

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a prominent Spanish painter and printmaker. He is often regarded as the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and is sometimes referred to as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns.

Early Life and Education[edit]

Goya was born in the small village of Fuendetodos, in Aragon, Spain, to a lower-middle-class family. His father, José Benito de Goya y Franque, was a gilder, and his mother, Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador, came from a minor noble family. Goya's early education was in Zaragoza, where he began his artistic training at the age of 14 under the painter José Luzán.

Career[edit]

Goya moved to Madrid in 1763, where he studied with the painter Francisco Bayeu. He later traveled to Italy in 1770 to further his studies. Upon returning to Spain, Goya began working for the Spanish court, eventually becoming the official court painter to King Charles IV of Spain.

Court Painter[edit]

Goya's work as a court painter included portraits of the royal family and other nobility. His style evolved over time, moving from the Rococo style of his early works to a more personal and expressive style. Notable works from this period include The Family of Charles IV and The Nude Maja.

Illness and Later Works[edit]

In 1793, Goya suffered a severe illness that left him deaf. This event marked a turning point in his career, leading to a darker and more introspective phase in his art. During this time, he created the Caprichos, a series of 80 etchings that critique the social and political issues of his time.

The Black Paintings[edit]

In the later years of his life, Goya created the Black Paintings, a series of murals painted directly onto the walls of his house, the Quinta del Sordo. These works are characterized by their dark themes and haunting imagery, reflecting Goya's pessimistic view of humanity.

Legacy[edit]

Goya's influence on modern art is profound. His work prefigures the Romantic movement and has been cited as an influence by artists such as Édouard Manet, Pablo Picasso, and Francis Bacon. Goya's ability to convey emotion and his innovative use of light and shadow have made him a pivotal figure in the history of art.

Also see[edit]

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