Active immunization

Active Immunization is a method of immunization that involves the administration of all or part of a microorganism or a modified product of a microorganism, to stimulate an immune response which will protect the individual against subsequent exposure to the pathogen.

Overview

Active immunization can be achieved in two ways: by contracting a disease or through vaccination. In both cases, the body is encouraged to produce an immune response to a specific pathogen. This response typically involves the production of antibodies, which are proteins that can recognize and neutralize the pathogen.

Mechanism of Action

Active immunization works by introducing a foreign substance, known as an antigen, into the body. This antigen is recognized as foreign by the immune system, which responds by producing specific antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body, providing long-term protection against the specific pathogen.

Types of Active Immunization

There are two main types of active immunization: natural and artificial.

• Natural active immunization occurs when an individual is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.

• Artificial active immunization, also known as vaccination, involves the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the pathogen into the body. This stimulates the immune system to produce an immune response, but does not cause the disease itself.

Benefits and Risks

Active immunization has the advantage of providing long-lasting or even lifelong immunity. However, it may also carry risks, such as the potential for adverse reactions to the vaccine or the possibility of contracting the disease from a live vaccine.

See Also

• Passive immunization
• Vaccine
• Immune system
• Antibody
• Antigen

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