Microtia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Microtia | |||
| image = [[File:microtia_lvl3.jpg]] | |||
| caption = Grade III microtia | |||
| field = [[Otorhinolaryngology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Underdeveloped ear]], [[hearing loss]] | |||
| complications = [[Hearing impairment]], [[psychosocial issues]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital]] | |||
| duration = [[Lifelong]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic factors]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[maternal diabetes]], [[maternal drug use]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Anotia]], [[aural atresia]] | |||
| prevention = [[Prenatal care]], [[genetic counseling]] | |||
| treatment = [[Reconstructive surgery]], [[hearing aids]] | |||
| prognosis = [[Varies]] | |||
| frequency = 1 in 6,000 to 12,000 births | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Various types 2 (detail B).jpg|Microtia|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Apert Azerad 2.jpg|Microtia|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Davis Oxycephalus 8.jpg|Microtia|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Microtia''' is a congenital deformity where the [[pinna]] (external ear) is underdeveloped. It can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides). The condition can vary in severity, ranging from a slightly small ear to complete absence of the ear, a condition known as [[anotia]]. | '''Microtia''' is a congenital deformity where the [[pinna]] (external ear) is underdeveloped. It can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides). The condition can vary in severity, ranging from a slightly small ear to complete absence of the ear, a condition known as [[anotia]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of microtia is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some studies suggest a link between microtia and maternal diabetes or drug use during pregnancy, but more research is needed to confirm these associations. | The exact cause of microtia is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some studies suggest a link between microtia and maternal diabetes or drug use during pregnancy, but more research is needed to confirm these associations. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Microtia is usually diagnosed at birth by physical examination. In some cases, a [[CT scan]] or [[MRI]] may be used to assess the extent of the deformity and any associated conditions, such as hearing loss. | Microtia is usually diagnosed at birth by physical examination. In some cases, a [[CT scan]] or [[MRI]] may be used to assess the extent of the deformity and any associated conditions, such as hearing loss. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for microtia depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated conditions. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, reconstructive surgery may be performed to create a new ear. This is usually done when the child is older and the facial bones have fully developed. | Treatment for microtia depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated conditions. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, reconstructive surgery may be performed to create a new ear. This is usually done when the child is older and the facial bones have fully developed. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with microtia is generally good. With appropriate treatment, most individuals can lead normal lives. However, they may face challenges related to hearing loss and social stigma. | The prognosis for individuals with microtia is generally good. With appropriate treatment, most individuals can lead normal lives. However, they may face challenges related to hearing loss and social stigma. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Anotia]] | * [[Anotia]] | ||
* [[Congenital disorders]] | * [[Congenital disorders]] | ||
* [[Ear reconstruction]] | * [[Ear reconstruction]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Ear]] | [[Category:Ear]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:20, 12 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Microtia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Underdeveloped ear, hearing loss |
| Complications | Hearing impairment, psychosocial issues |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic factors, environmental factors |
| Risks | Family history, maternal diabetes, maternal drug use |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Anotia, aural atresia |
| Prevention | Prenatal care, genetic counseling |
| Treatment | Reconstructive surgery, hearing aids |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies |
| Frequency | 1 in 6,000 to 12,000 births |
| Deaths | |
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Microtia is a congenital deformity where the pinna (external ear) is underdeveloped. It can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides). The condition can vary in severity, ranging from a slightly small ear to complete absence of the ear, a condition known as anotia.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of microtia is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some studies suggest a link between microtia and maternal diabetes or drug use during pregnancy, but more research is needed to confirm these associations.
Diagnosis[edit]
Microtia is usually diagnosed at birth by physical examination. In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be used to assess the extent of the deformity and any associated conditions, such as hearing loss.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for microtia depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated conditions. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, reconstructive surgery may be performed to create a new ear. This is usually done when the child is older and the facial bones have fully developed.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with microtia is generally good. With appropriate treatment, most individuals can lead normal lives. However, they may face challenges related to hearing loss and social stigma.
