Gyrus

Gyrus is a term used in anatomy to describe the folds that characterize the surface of the brain. These folds increase the surface area of the brain, allowing for higher function and thought. Each gyrus (plural: gyri) is typically surrounded by one or more sulci.

Structure

The gyri are part of the cerebral cortex, which is the outermost layer of the brain. The cerebral cortex is divided into four main lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. Each of these lobes contains numerous gyri.

Function

The gyri play a crucial role in the brain's function. They increase the surface area of the brain, allowing for more neurons to be packed into the cortex. This increased neuron density is associated with higher cognitive function.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the gyri can be indicative of various neurological conditions. For example, a reduction in the number or size of gyri can be a sign of microcephaly, while an increase can be associated with macrocephaly. Additionally, abnormal folding patterns can be seen in conditions such as schizophrenia and autism.

See also

• Sulcus
• Cerebral cortex
• Lobe

References

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