Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | |||
| image = [[File:The_diseases_of_children_-_medical_and_surgical_(1900)_(14781042361).jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of a child with arthritis | |||
| field = [[Rheumatology]] | |||
| synonyms = Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis | |||
| symptoms = Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, fever, rash | |||
| complications = [[Uveitis]], growth problems, joint damage | |||
| onset = Before age 16 | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[autoimmune disease]] | |||
| risks = Family history, certain [[genetic]] factors | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[blood test]]s, [[imaging]] | |||
| differential = [[Infection]], [[trauma]], other [[autoimmune diseases]] | |||
| treatment = [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s, [[corticosteroid]]s, [[disease-modifying antirheumatic drug]]s, [[physical therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, some achieve remission, others may have chronic symptoms | |||
| frequency = 1 in 1,000 children | |||
}} | |||
== Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis == | == Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis == | ||
'''Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis''' (JIA) is a type of arthritis that occurs in children aged 16 or younger. It is characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which can lead to joint damage and other complications if not treated effectively. | '''Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis''' (JIA) is a type of arthritis that occurs in children aged 16 or younger. It is characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which can lead to joint damage and other complications if not treated effectively. | ||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is classified into several subtypes based on symptoms, number of joints involved, and the presence of certain antibodies. The main subtypes include: | Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is classified into several subtypes based on symptoms, number of joints involved, and the presence of certain antibodies. The main subtypes include: | ||
* [[Oligoarticular JIA]]: Involves four or fewer joints in the first six months of the disease. | * [[Oligoarticular JIA]]: Involves four or fewer joints in the first six months of the disease. | ||
* [[Polyarticular JIA]]: Affects five or more joints in the first six months and can be rheumatoid factor positive or negative. | * [[Polyarticular JIA]]: Affects five or more joints in the first six months and can be rheumatoid factor positive or negative. | ||
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* [[Enthesitis-related arthritis]]: Involves inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone. | * [[Enthesitis-related arthritis]]: Involves inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone. | ||
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]: Associated with psoriasis, a skin condition. | * [[Psoriatic arthritis]]: Associated with psoriasis, a skin condition. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis can vary depending on the subtype but generally include: | The symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis can vary depending on the subtype but generally include: | ||
* Joint pain and swelling | * Joint pain and swelling | ||
* Stiffness, especially in the morning | * Stiffness, especially in the morning | ||
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* Fatigue | * Fatigue | ||
* Reduced range of motion | * Reduced range of motion | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosing JIA involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key diagnostic criteria include: | Diagnosing JIA involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key diagnostic criteria include: | ||
* Persistent arthritis in one or more joints for at least six weeks | * Persistent arthritis in one or more joints for at least six weeks | ||
* Exclusion of other causes of arthritis | * Exclusion of other causes of arthritis | ||
* Laboratory tests such as [[antinuclear antibody]] (ANA), [[rheumatoid factor]] (RF), and [[HLA-B27]] | * Laboratory tests such as [[antinuclear antibody]] (ANA), [[rheumatoid factor]] (RF), and [[HLA-B27]] | ||
* Imaging studies like [[X-ray]] or [[MRI]] to assess joint damage | * Imaging studies like [[X-ray]] or [[MRI]] to assess joint damage | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis aims to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and maintain function. Treatment options include: | The treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis aims to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and maintain function. Treatment options include: | ||
* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) for pain and inflammation | * [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) for pain and inflammation | ||
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs]] (DMARDs) such as [[methotrexate]] | * [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs]] (DMARDs) such as [[methotrexate]] | ||
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* [[Corticosteroids]] for severe inflammation | * [[Corticosteroids]] for severe inflammation | ||
* Physical therapy to maintain joint function | * Physical therapy to maintain joint function | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis varies. Some children may experience remission, while others may have persistent symptoms into adulthood. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | The prognosis for children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis varies. Some children may experience remission, while others may have persistent symptoms into adulthood. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
Potential complications of JIA include: | Potential complications of JIA include: | ||
* Joint damage and deformity | * Joint damage and deformity | ||
* Growth disturbances | * Growth disturbances | ||
* [[Uveitis]], an inflammation of the eye | * [[Uveitis]], an inflammation of the eye | ||
* Osteoporosis due to prolonged corticosteroid use | * Osteoporosis due to prolonged corticosteroid use | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Arthritis]] | * [[Arthritis]] | ||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
* [[Pediatric rheumatology]] | * [[Pediatric rheumatology]] | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Foundation] | * [Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Foundation] | ||
* [American College of Rheumatology] | * [American College of Rheumatology] | ||
{{stub}} | |||
{{ | |||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | [[Category:Rheumatology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:34, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | |
|---|---|
_(14781042361).jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, fever, rash |
| Complications | Uveitis, growth problems, joint damage |
| Onset | Before age 16 |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly autoimmune disease |
| Risks | Family history, certain genetic factors |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, blood tests, imaging |
| Differential diagnosis | Infection, trauma, other autoimmune diseases |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, physical therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, some achieve remission, others may have chronic symptoms |
| Frequency | 1 in 1,000 children |
| Deaths | N/A |
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis[edit]
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a type of arthritis that occurs in children aged 16 or younger. It is characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which can lead to joint damage and other complications if not treated effectively.
Classification[edit]
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is classified into several subtypes based on symptoms, number of joints involved, and the presence of certain antibodies. The main subtypes include:
- Oligoarticular JIA: Involves four or fewer joints in the first six months of the disease.
- Polyarticular JIA: Affects five or more joints in the first six months and can be rheumatoid factor positive or negative.
- Systemic JIA: Characterized by arthritis, fever, and rash.
- Enthesitis-related arthritis: Involves inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone.
- Psoriatic arthritis: Associated with psoriasis, a skin condition.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis can vary depending on the subtype but generally include:
- Joint pain and swelling
- Stiffness, especially in the morning
- Fever and rash (in systemic JIA)
- Fatigue
- Reduced range of motion
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosing JIA involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key diagnostic criteria include:
- Persistent arthritis in one or more joints for at least six weeks
- Exclusion of other causes of arthritis
- Laboratory tests such as antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and HLA-B27
- Imaging studies like X-ray or MRI to assess joint damage
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis aims to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and maintain function. Treatment options include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and inflammation
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate
- Biologic agents like tumor necrosis factor inhibitors
- Corticosteroids for severe inflammation
- Physical therapy to maintain joint function
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis varies. Some children may experience remission, while others may have persistent symptoms into adulthood. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.
Complications[edit]
Potential complications of JIA include:
- Joint damage and deformity
- Growth disturbances
- Uveitis, an inflammation of the eye
- Osteoporosis due to prolonged corticosteroid use
See Also[edit]
External Links[edit]
- [Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Foundation]
- [American College of Rheumatology]
