Geotrichosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Geotrichosis | |||
| image = [[File:Geotrichosis_Case_151.jpg|left|thumb|Geotrichosis skin lesion]] | |||
| caption = Skin lesion caused by ''[[Geotrichum]]'' species | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = Geotrichum infection | |||
| symptoms = [[Skin lesions]], [[oral thrush]], [[bronchitis]], [[pneumonia]] | |||
| complications = [[Systemic infection]] | |||
| onset = Variable, depending on immune status | |||
| duration = Chronic or acute | |||
| causes = ''[[Geotrichum]]'' species, primarily ''[[Geotrichum candidum]]'' | |||
| risks = [[Immunocompromised]] individuals, [[diabetes]], [[HIV/AIDS]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Microscopy]], [[culture]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Candidiasis]], [[aspergillosis]], [[tuberculosis]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of exposure in high-risk individuals | |||
| treatment = [[Antifungal]] medications such as [[itraconazole]], [[amphotericin B]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment, but can be severe in immunocompromised | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A fungal infection caused by ''Geotrichum'' species}} | {{Short description|A fungal infection caused by ''Geotrichum'' species}} | ||
'''Geotrichosis''' is a [[fungal infection]] caused by the ''[[Geotrichum]]'' species, primarily ''Geotrichum candidum''. This condition is considered an [[opportunistic infection]], affecting individuals with compromised [[immune system]]s. | '''Geotrichosis''' is a [[fungal infection]] caused by the ''[[Geotrichum]]'' species, primarily ''Geotrichum candidum''. This condition is considered an [[opportunistic infection]], affecting individuals with compromised [[immune system]]s. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
''Geotrichum candidum'' is a [[saprophytic]] fungus commonly found in soil, water, air, and as part of the normal [[microbiota]] of the human [[gastrointestinal tract]]. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with [[HIV/AIDS]], [[diabetes mellitus]], or undergoing [[chemotherapy]], the fungus can become pathogenic. | ''Geotrichum candidum'' is a [[saprophytic]] fungus commonly found in soil, water, air, and as part of the normal [[microbiota]] of the human [[gastrointestinal tract]]. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with [[HIV/AIDS]], [[diabetes mellitus]], or undergoing [[chemotherapy]], the fungus can become pathogenic. | ||
==Clinical Manifestations== | ==Clinical Manifestations== | ||
Geotrichosis can present in various forms, depending on the site of infection: | Geotrichosis can present in various forms, depending on the site of infection: | ||
* '''Pulmonary geotrichosis''': Resembles [[tuberculosis]] or [[pulmonary candidiasis]], with symptoms such as [[cough]], [[fever]], and [[dyspnea]]. | * '''Pulmonary geotrichosis''': Resembles [[tuberculosis]] or [[pulmonary candidiasis]], with symptoms such as [[cough]], [[fever]], and [[dyspnea]]. | ||
* '''Oral geotrichosis''': Appears as white, creamy patches in the [[oral cavity]], similar to [[oral thrush]]. | * '''Oral geotrichosis''': Appears as white, creamy patches in the [[oral cavity]], similar to [[oral thrush]]. | ||
* '''Cutaneous geotrichosis''': Presents as skin lesions, often in individuals with [[eczema]] or other skin conditions. | * '''Cutaneous geotrichosis''': Presents as skin lesions, often in individuals with [[eczema]] or other skin conditions. | ||
* '''Systemic geotrichosis''': Rare but can occur in severely immunocompromised patients, leading to [[sepsis]] and [[organ failure]]. | * '''Systemic geotrichosis''': Rare but can occur in severely immunocompromised patients, leading to [[sepsis]] and [[organ failure]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of geotrichosis involves: | Diagnosis of geotrichosis involves: | ||
* '''Microscopic examination''': Direct examination of clinical specimens using [[potassium hydroxide]] (KOH) preparation can reveal the presence of ''Geotrichum''. | * '''Microscopic examination''': Direct examination of clinical specimens using [[potassium hydroxide]] (KOH) preparation can reveal the presence of ''Geotrichum''. | ||
* '''Culture''': Isolation of the fungus on [[Sabouraud dextrose agar]] can confirm the diagnosis. | * '''Culture''': Isolation of the fungus on [[Sabouraud dextrose agar]] can confirm the diagnosis. | ||
* '''Histopathology''': Tissue biopsy may show characteristic fungal elements. | * '''Histopathology''': Tissue biopsy may show characteristic fungal elements. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of geotrichosis depends on the site and severity of the infection: | Treatment of geotrichosis depends on the site and severity of the infection: | ||
* '''Antifungal therapy''': [[Itraconazole]] and [[amphotericin B]] are commonly used antifungal agents. | * '''Antifungal therapy''': [[Itraconazole]] and [[amphotericin B]] are commonly used antifungal agents. | ||
* '''Supportive care''': Management of underlying conditions and supportive care are crucial. | * '''Supportive care''': Management of underlying conditions and supportive care are crucial. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures include: | Preventive measures include: | ||
* Maintaining good [[hygiene]] and [[sanitation]] practices. | * Maintaining good [[hygiene]] and [[sanitation]] practices. | ||
* Monitoring and managing underlying health conditions. | * Monitoring and managing underlying health conditions. | ||
* Avoiding exposure to environments with high fungal spore concentrations. | * Avoiding exposure to environments with high fungal spore concentrations. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of geotrichosis varies based on the patient's immune status and the promptness of treatment. Immunocompetent individuals generally have a good prognosis, while immunocompromised patients may experience more severe outcomes. | The prognosis of geotrichosis varies based on the patient's immune status and the promptness of treatment. Immunocompetent individuals generally have a good prognosis, while immunocompromised patients may experience more severe outcomes. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Fungal infection]] | * [[Fungal infection]] | ||
* [[Opportunistic infection]] | * [[Opportunistic infection]] | ||
* [[Immunocompromised host]] | * [[Immunocompromised host]] | ||
[[Category:Fungal diseases]] | [[Category:Fungal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Opportunistic infections]] | [[Category:Opportunistic infections]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:46, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Geotrichosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Geotrichum infection |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Skin lesions, oral thrush, bronchitis, pneumonia |
| Complications | Systemic infection |
| Onset | Variable, depending on immune status |
| Duration | Chronic or acute |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Geotrichum species, primarily Geotrichum candidum |
| Risks | Immunocompromised individuals, diabetes, HIV/AIDS |
| Diagnosis | Microscopy, culture, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Candidiasis, aspergillosis, tuberculosis |
| Prevention | Avoidance of exposure in high-risk individuals |
| Treatment | Antifungal medications such as itraconazole, amphotericin B |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment, but can be severe in immunocompromised |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A fungal infection caused by Geotrichum species
Geotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by the Geotrichum species, primarily Geotrichum candidum. This condition is considered an opportunistic infection, affecting individuals with compromised immune systems.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Geotrichum candidum is a saprophytic fungus commonly found in soil, water, air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, or undergoing chemotherapy, the fungus can become pathogenic.
Clinical Manifestations[edit]
Geotrichosis can present in various forms, depending on the site of infection:
- Pulmonary geotrichosis: Resembles tuberculosis or pulmonary candidiasis, with symptoms such as cough, fever, and dyspnea.
- Oral geotrichosis: Appears as white, creamy patches in the oral cavity, similar to oral thrush.
- Cutaneous geotrichosis: Presents as skin lesions, often in individuals with eczema or other skin conditions.
- Systemic geotrichosis: Rare but can occur in severely immunocompromised patients, leading to sepsis and organ failure.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of geotrichosis involves:
- Microscopic examination: Direct examination of clinical specimens using potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation can reveal the presence of Geotrichum.
- Culture: Isolation of the fungus on Sabouraud dextrose agar can confirm the diagnosis.
- Histopathology: Tissue biopsy may show characteristic fungal elements.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of geotrichosis depends on the site and severity of the infection:
- Antifungal therapy: Itraconazole and amphotericin B are commonly used antifungal agents.
- Supportive care: Management of underlying conditions and supportive care are crucial.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include:
- Maintaining good hygiene and sanitation practices.
- Monitoring and managing underlying health conditions.
- Avoiding exposure to environments with high fungal spore concentrations.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of geotrichosis varies based on the patient's immune status and the promptness of treatment. Immunocompetent individuals generally have a good prognosis, while immunocompromised patients may experience more severe outcomes.
