Aerial firefighting

Use of aircraft to combat wildfires

Aerial firefighting is the use of aircraft and other aerial resources to combat wildfires. The types of aircraft used include fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. These aircraft are equipped with tanks or buckets to drop water or fire retardant on fires, and they play a crucial role in wildfire suppression efforts.

History

The concept of aerial firefighting dates back to the early 20th century, but it was not until the 1950s that it became a common practice. The development of specialized aircraft and equipment has significantly improved the effectiveness of aerial firefighting operations.

Aircraft Types

Fixed-wing Aircraft

Fixed-wing aircraft used in aerial firefighting are often referred to as "airtankers." These aircraft can carry large quantities of water or fire retardant and are capable of covering extensive areas. Examples include the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and the Canadair CL-415.

Helicopters

Helicopters are versatile and can access areas that fixed-wing aircraft cannot. They are equipped with buckets or tanks to drop water or retardant. The Sikorsky S-70 and the Mil Mi-8 are commonly used helicopters in firefighting operations.

Techniques

Aerial firefighting techniques include direct attack, where water or retardant is dropped directly on the fire, and indirect attack, where drops are made ahead of the fire to create a firebreak. Coordination with ground crews is essential for effective firefighting.

Challenges

Aerial firefighting operations face several challenges, including difficult terrain, adverse weather conditions, and the need for precise coordination with ground crews. Safety is a primary concern, as pilots must navigate through smoke and turbulent air.

Related pages

• Wildfire
• Firefighting
• Helicopter
• Fixed-wing aircraft

Gallery

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  Aerial firefighting demonstration at an airshow.
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  BLM firefighting operations in Oregon.
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  A Mil Mi-8MTV helicopter picking up water.
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  A fixed-wing airtanker in action.
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  A helicopter equipped for firefighting.
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  A Sikorsky S-70 helicopter used in firefighting.
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  California Air National Guard conducting a water drop.
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  A PBY Catalina converted for firefighting.
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  A firefighting aircraft in action.
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  Aero Union airtanker.
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  A PZL M18B aircraft dropping water.

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