CHAI disease

CHAI disease is a rare genetic disorder of the immune system that illustrates the role of CTLA-4 in cell signaling. CHAI stands for “Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haplo-insufficiency.” The disease is characterized by variable combination of enteropathy, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent respiratory infections, granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease, lymphocytic infiltration of non-lymphoid organs (intestine, lung, brain, bone marrow, kidney), autoimmune thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and lymphadenopathy. It is closely linked to . Investigators in the laboratory of Dr. Michael Lenardo, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health first described this condition in 2018.

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