Trillium sessile

Species of flowering plant

Trillium sessile, commonly known as the toadshade or sessile trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to the central and eastern United States, where it is found in rich, deciduous woodlands.

Description

Trillium sessile is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from a rhizome. The plant typically reaches a height of 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches). The leaves are sessile, meaning they are attached directly to the stem without a petiole. Each plant has three broad, ovate leaves that are mottled with shades of green and brown.

The flower of Trillium sessile is characterized by its maroon or dark red petals, which are erect and do not open widely. The flower is sessile, sitting directly on the leaves without a stalk. The sepals are green and lanceolate, and the petals are typically 3 to 5 cm long.

Habitat and distribution

Trillium sessile is found in rich, moist, deciduous forests, often on slopes and in ravines. Its range extends from Minnesota and Wisconsin in the north, south to Alabama and Mississippi, and east to Ohio and West Virginia.

Ecology

The plant is an important part of the forest understory, providing early spring blooms that attract pollinators such as flies and beetles. The seeds of Trillium sessile are dispersed by ants, a process known as myrmecochory.

Conservation

While Trillium sessile is not currently listed as threatened or endangered, its habitat is subject to pressures from deforestation and urban development. Conservation efforts focus on preserving its natural woodland habitat.

Gallery

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  Trillium sessile in bloom
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  A single Trillium sessile flower

Related pages

• Trillium
• Trillium recurvatum
• Myrmecochory

References

• Case, F. W., & Case, R. B. (1997). Trilliums. Timber Press.
• Gleason, H. A., & Cronquist, A. (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden.

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  Trillium recurvatum (left) and Trillium sessile (right) side by side
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  Trillium sessile, 2021-04-20, Seldom Seen
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  Single dark Trillium sessile flower blooms with green leaves growing on old log