Transmetalation: Difference between revisions
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Transmetalation}} | |||
== Overview == | |||
[[File:Transmetalation_Cascade.png|thumb|right|Illustration of a transmetalation cascade.]] | [[File:Transmetalation_Cascade.png|thumb|right|Illustration of a transmetalation cascade.]] | ||
'''Transmetalation''' is a fundamental chemical reaction in which a ligand is transferred from one metal to another. This process is a key step in many [[organometallic chemistry|organometallic]] reactions and is widely used in [[catalysis]], particularly in [[cross-coupling reactions]]. | |||
'''Transmetalation''' is a fundamental chemical reaction in which a ligand is transferred from one metal to another. This process is a key step in many | |||
== Mechanism == | == Mechanism == | ||
Transmetalation typically involves the exchange of ligands between two metal centers. The process can be represented as: | Transmetalation typically involves the exchange of ligands between two metal centers. The process can be represented as: | ||
: M1-L + M2 _ M1 + M2-L | :M1-L + M2 _ M1 + M2-L | ||
where M1 and M2 are metals, and L is the ligand being transferred. The driving force for transmetalation can be the formation of a more stable metal-ligand bond or the generation of a more reactive metal species. | where M1 and M2 are metals, and L is the ligand being transferred. The driving force for transmetalation can be the formation of a more stable metal-ligand bond or the generation of a more reactive metal species. | ||
== Applications == | == Applications == | ||
Transmetalation is crucial | Transmetalation is a crucial step in several important catalytic cycles, including: | ||
* [[Suzuki coupling]] | * [[Suzuki coupling]] | ||
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* [[Negishi coupling]] | * [[Negishi coupling]] | ||
In these reactions, transmetalation facilitates the transfer of organic groups between metal centers, enabling the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds. | |||
== Factors Affecting Transmetalation == | == Factors Affecting Transmetalation == | ||
Several factors influence the efficiency and | Several factors influence the efficiency and selectivity of transmetalation reactions: | ||
* | * '''Metal identity''': The nature of the metals involved can significantly affect the reaction. Metals with similar electronegativities and oxidation states tend to undergo transmetalation more readily. | ||
* | * '''Ligand properties''': The electronic and steric properties of the ligand can influence the rate and outcome of the transmetalation. | ||
* | * '''Solvent effects''': The choice of solvent can impact the solubility of the metal complexes and the overall reaction kinetics. | ||
== Related Pages == | == Related Pages == | ||
* [[Organometallic chemistry]] | * [[Organometallic chemistry]] | ||
* [[Catalysis]] | * [[Catalysis]] | ||
* [[Cross-coupling reaction]] | |||
[[Category:Organometallic chemistry]] | [[Category:Organometallic chemistry]] | ||
[[Category:Catalysis]] | [[Category:Catalysis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:38, 16 February 2025
Overview[edit]
Transmetalation is a fundamental chemical reaction in which a ligand is transferred from one metal to another. This process is a key step in many organometallic reactions and is widely used in catalysis, particularly in cross-coupling reactions.
Mechanism[edit]
Transmetalation typically involves the exchange of ligands between two metal centers. The process can be represented as:
- M1-L + M2 _ M1 + M2-L
where M1 and M2 are metals, and L is the ligand being transferred. The driving force for transmetalation can be the formation of a more stable metal-ligand bond or the generation of a more reactive metal species.
Applications[edit]
Transmetalation is a crucial step in several important catalytic cycles, including:
In these reactions, transmetalation facilitates the transfer of organic groups between metal centers, enabling the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds.
Factors Affecting Transmetalation[edit]
Several factors influence the efficiency and selectivity of transmetalation reactions:
- Metal identity: The nature of the metals involved can significantly affect the reaction. Metals with similar electronegativities and oxidation states tend to undergo transmetalation more readily.
- Ligand properties: The electronic and steric properties of the ligand can influence the rate and outcome of the transmetalation.
- Solvent effects: The choice of solvent can impact the solubility of the metal complexes and the overall reaction kinetics.
