Argentaffin

Argentaffin Cells

Argentaffin cells are specialized cells found in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly within the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine and the stomach. These cells are part of the enteroendocrine system and play a crucial role in the secretion of hormones and other substances that regulate various physiological processes.

Characteristics

Argentaffin cells are named for their ability to reduce silver salts to metallic silver, a property that is used in histological staining techniques. This characteristic is due to the presence of granules within the cells that contain substances capable of reducing silver.

Function

The primary function of argentaffin cells is to secrete serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in regulating intestinal movements and secretions. Serotonin released by these cells acts locally to stimulate smooth muscle contraction and increase peristalsis, aiding in the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Location

Argentaffin cells are predominantly located in the gastrointestinal tract, with a high concentration in the duodenum and jejunum. They are also found in the stomach, where they contribute to the regulation of gastric secretions.

Clinical Significance

Disorders involving argentaffin cells can lead to various gastrointestinal issues. For example, an overproduction of serotonin by these cells can result in carcinoid syndrome, characterized by flushing, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Carcinoid tumors, which originate from argentaffin cells, are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

Also see

• Enteroendocrine cell
• Serotonin
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Neuroendocrine tumor
• Crypts of Lieberkühn