Arch Deluxe: Difference between revisions

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Biological product used to treat venomous bites and stings

Antivenom, also known as antivenin, is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Antivenoms are created by extracting venom from a particular species of snake, spider, or other venomous creature, and then injecting small amounts of it into a domestic animal, such as a horse or sheep. The animal's immune system produces antibodies against the venom, which are then harvested from the animal's blood and purified to create the antivenom.

History

The development of antivenom began in the late 19th century. The first antivenom was developed by French scientist Albert Calmette in 1895 for the treatment of cobra bites. Since then, antivenoms have been developed for a wide range of venomous species.

Production

The production of antivenom involves several steps:

Venom Extraction: Venom is extracted from the target species, such as snakes, spiders, or scorpions. This process is often referred to as snake milking.
Immunization: The extracted venom is injected into a host animal, typically a horse or sheep, in small, non-lethal doses over a period of time.
Antibody Harvesting: The host animal's immune system produces antibodies against the venom. Blood is drawn from the animal, and the antibodies are isolated and purified.
Formulation: The purified antibodies are formulated into a usable antivenom product.

Types of Antivenom

Antivenoms are typically species-specific, meaning they are effective against the venom of a particular species or group of related species. There are two main types of antivenom:

Monovalent Antivenom: Effective against the venom of a single species.
Polyvalent Antivenom: Effective against the venoms of multiple species.

Administration

Antivenom is usually administered intravenously in a hospital setting. The dosage and type of antivenom depend on the severity of the envenomation and the species involved. It is crucial to administer antivenom as soon as possible after a bite or sting to neutralize the venom and prevent further damage.

Challenges and Limitations

Producing antivenom is a complex and costly process. Some challenges include:

Species-Specificity: Antivenoms are often specific to certain species, which can limit their availability in regions with diverse venomous fauna.
Allergic Reactions: Some patients may experience allergic reactions to antivenom, including anaphylaxis.
Supply and Demand: There is often a mismatch between the supply of antivenom and the demand, particularly in developing countries where snakebites are more common.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to develop more effective and broadly applicable antivenoms. Advances in biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA technology, may lead to the production of antivenoms that are safer and more effective.

Related pages

Gallery

Snake milking for venom extraction

Snake milking for venom extraction

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- '''Arch Deluxe''' was a [[hamburger]] product marketed by [[McDonald's]] in the mid-1990s as a more sophisticated burger, aimed at adults. The Arch Deluxe was part of a larger campaign to attract a more adult demographic, featuring a higher quality of ingredients and unique sauce. Despite a significant marketing campaign, the Arch Deluxe was ultimately considered a commercial failure and was discontinued.
+{{Short description|Biological product used to treat venomous bites and stings}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-==Development and Marketing==
+'''Antivenom''', also known as '''antivenin''', is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Antivenoms are created by extracting venom from a particular species of snake, spider, or other venomous creature, and then injecting small amounts of it into a domestic animal, such as a horse or sheep. The animal's immune system produces antibodies against the venom, which are then harvested from the animal's blood and purified to create the antivenom.
-The Arch Deluxe was introduced in 1996, following extensive market research and product development. McDonald's aimed to create a product that would appeal to adult tastes, differentiating it from their traditional menu items which were perceived as more child-friendly. The burger featured a quarter pound of beef, peppered bacon, lettuce, tomato, cheese, onions, ketchup, and a distinctive mustard and mayonnaise sauce, all served on a potato flour sesame seed bun.
-The marketing campaign for the Arch Deluxe was one of the most expensive in McDonald's history, reportedly costing over $100 million. The advertisements highlighted the burger's more sophisticated ingredients and aimed to position McDonald's as a restaurant that could cater to adult preferences. Despite these efforts, the Arch Deluxe did not resonate with consumers as expected.
+==History==
+The development of antivenom began in the late 19th century. The first antivenom was developed by French scientist [[Albert Calmette]] in 1895 for the treatment of [[cobra]] bites. Since then, antivenoms have been developed for a wide range of venomous species.
-==Reception and Discontinuation==
+==Production==
-The reception to the Arch Deluxe was mixed. While some appreciated the attempt at a more adult-oriented menu item, many consumers were indifferent or negative towards the burger. Critics argued that the Arch Deluxe failed to significantly differentiate itself from existing products or to justify its higher price point. Additionally, the marketing campaign's emphasis on the burger's appeal to adults may have inadvertently alienated some of McDonald's core customer base.
+The production of antivenom involves several steps:
-The Arch Deluxe was discontinued in the late 1990s, though the exact timeline varied by market. Its failure has since been studied as a lesson in marketing and product development, particularly regarding the challenges of rebranding and expanding into new market segments.
+# '''Venom Extraction''': Venom is extracted from the target species, such as snakes, spiders, or scorpions. This process is often referred to as [[snake milking]].
+# '''Immunization''': The extracted venom is injected into a host animal, typically a horse or sheep, in small, non-lethal doses over a period of time.
+# '''Antibody Harvesting''': The host animal's immune system produces antibodies against the venom. Blood is drawn from the animal, and the antibodies are isolated and purified.
+# '''Formulation''': The purified antibodies are formulated into a usable antivenom product.
-==Legacy==
+==Types of Antivenom==
-Despite its commercial failure, the Arch Deluxe has maintained a certain level of notoriety and nostalgia among fast food enthusiasts. It is often cited in discussions of fast food marketing and product flops. The lessons learned from the Arch Deluxe's development and marketing have influenced subsequent product launches and marketing strategies within McDonald's and the broader fast food industry.
+Antivenoms are typically species-specific, meaning they are effective against the venom of a particular species or group of related species. There are two main types of antivenom:
-The Arch Deluxe's attempt to cater to adult tastes prefigured later successful initiatives by McDonald's and other fast food chains to diversify their menus with more sophisticated and healthier options. It remains a notable example of the risks and challenges associated with brand extension and market segmentation in the fast food industry.
+* '''Monovalent Antivenom''': Effective against the venom of a single species.
+* '''Polyvalent Antivenom''': Effective against the venoms of multiple species.
-[[Category:McDonald's foods]]
+==Administration==
-[[Category:Discontinued products]]
+Antivenom is usually administered intravenously in a hospital setting. The dosage and type of antivenom depend on the severity of the envenomation and the species involved. It is crucial to administer antivenom as soon as possible after a bite or sting to neutralize the venom and prevent further damage.
-[[Category:1990s in food]]
-{{fast food-stub}}
+==Challenges and Limitations==
-__motoc__
+Producing antivenom is a complex and costly process. Some challenges include:
+* '''Species-Specificity''': Antivenoms are often specific to certain species, which can limit their availability in regions with diverse venomous fauna.
+* '''Allergic Reactions''': Some patients may experience allergic reactions to antivenom, including anaphylaxis.
+* '''Supply and Demand''': There is often a mismatch between the supply of antivenom and the demand, particularly in developing countries where snakebites are more common.
+==Future Directions==
+Research is ongoing to develop more effective and broadly applicable antivenoms. Advances in biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA technology, may lead to the production of antivenoms that are safer and more effective.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Snakebite]]
+* [[Venom]]
+* [[Immunology]]
+* [[Toxin]]
+==Gallery==
+<gallery>
+File:Snake_Milking.jpg|Snake milking for venom extraction
+</gallery>
+[[Category:Antitoxins]]
+[[Category:Immunology]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]