Comovirinae: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:00, 15 February 2025

Comovirinae[edit]

3D structure of Cowpea Mosaic Virus, a member of the Comovirinae.

Comovirinae is a subfamily of viruses within the family Secoviridae. These viruses are known to infect plants, causing a variety of diseases that can significantly impact agricultural productivity. The subfamily includes several genera, with the most notable being Comovirus, Fabavirus, and Nepovirus.

Taxonomy[edit]

The Comovirinae subfamily is classified under the order Picornavirales. It comprises three genera:

Comovirus: This genus includes viruses such as the Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), which is a well-studied model for plant virus research.
Fabavirus: Known for infecting a wide range of host plants, including legumes and cucurbits.
Nepovirus: This genus includes viruses that are often transmitted by nematodes and can cause significant damage to crops like grapes and strawberries.

Structure[edit]

Viruses in the Comovirinae subfamily are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid. The capsid is composed of 60 copies of a single protein, forming a structure that is approximately 28 nm in diameter. The genome is bipartite, consisting of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules.

Genome[edit]

The genome of Comovirinae viruses is divided into two RNA segments:

RNA-1: Encodes proteins involved in replication, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
RNA-2: Encodes proteins that form the capsid and are involved in cell-to-cell movement.

Transmission[edit]

Comovirinae viruses are primarily transmitted through mechanical means, such as contact between plants or through agricultural practices. Some members of the subfamily, particularly those in the Nepovirus genus, are also transmitted by nematodes.

Symptoms[edit]

Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns on leaves, stunted growth, and reduced yield. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the virus species, the host plant, and environmental conditions.

Economic Impact[edit]

The diseases caused by Comovirinae viruses can lead to significant economic losses in agriculture. For example, the Cowpea mosaic virus affects legume crops, which are important for food security and soil health.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''Comovirinae''' is a [[subfamily]] of viruses within the [[family]] [[Secoviridae]], which is part of the order [[Picornavirales]]. This subfamily includes two main [[genus|genera]], namely ''[[Comovirus]]'' and ''[[Nepovirus]]''. Viruses within the Comovirinae subfamily are known to infect a wide range of [[plant]] hosts, causing various plant diseases that can lead to significant agricultural losses. These viruses are characterized by their non-enveloped, icosahedral [[virus particle|virion]] structure and a bipartite [[RNA]] genome, which is divided into two segments, RNA1 and RNA2.
+== Comovirinae ==
-==Structure and Genome==
+[[File:CowpeaMosaicVirus3D.png|thumb|right|3D structure of Cowpea Mosaic Virus, a member of the Comovirinae.]]
-The virions of Comovirinae viruses are non-enveloped with an icosahedral symmetry. The diameter of these virions typically ranges from 25 to 30 nm. The genome of Comovirinae viruses is composed of two segments of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA, referred to as RNA1 and RNA2. RNA1 primarily encodes proteins involved in [[virus replication|replication]] and [[virus assembly|assembly]], while RNA2 encodes the [[capsid]] proteins and sometimes additional movement or pathogenicity factors.
-==Life Cycle==
+'''Comovirinae''' is a subfamily of viruses within the family [[Secoviridae]]. These viruses are known to infect plants, causing a variety of diseases that can significantly impact agricultural productivity. The subfamily includes several genera, with the most notable being [[Comovirus]], [[Fabavirus]], and [[Nepovirus]].
-The life cycle of Comovirinae viruses begins with the virus attaching to the host cell surface via specific receptors. Following attachment, the virus enters the cell through [[endocytosis]] or direct penetration of the cell membrane. Once inside, the viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for both translation and replication. The replication process involves the synthesis of a negative-sense RNA intermediate, which is then used to produce additional positive-sense RNA genomes. Newly synthesized capsid proteins encapsidate the viral RNA, forming new virions that are released from the cell to infect neighboring cells or plants.
-==Pathogenicity and Impact==
+=== Taxonomy ===
-Comovirinae viruses are responsible for a variety of plant diseases, including but not limited to, [[Tomato ringspot virus|tomato ringspot]], [[Tobacco ringspot virus|tobacco ringspot]], and [[Grapevine fanleaf virus|grapevine fanleaf]] diseases. These diseases can cause significant yield losses in affected crops, leading to economic losses for farmers and the agricultural industry. Symptoms of infection can vary depending on the virus and host plant but often include ringspots, leaf distortion, and reduced plant vigor.
+The Comovirinae subfamily is classified under the order [[Picornavirales]]. It comprises three genera:
-==Detection and Control==
+* '''[[Comovirus]]''': This genus includes viruses such as the [[Cowpea mosaic virus]] (CPMV), which is a well-studied model for plant virus research.
-Detection of Comovirinae viruses is primarily achieved through serological assays, such as [[ELISA]], or molecular techniques, such as [[RT-PCR]]. Control strategies for managing Comovirinae virus infections in agricultural settings include the use of virus-free planting material, crop rotation, and the removal of infected plants. Additionally, breeding for virus-resistant plant varieties offers a long-term solution to managing these diseases.
+* '''[[Fabavirus]]''': Known for infecting a wide range of host plants, including legumes and cucurbits.
+* '''[[Nepovirus]]''': This genus includes viruses that are often transmitted by nematodes and can cause significant damage to crops like grapes and strawberries.
-==Research and Future Directions==
+=== Structure ===
-Research on Comovirinae viruses continues to focus on understanding their molecular biology, host interactions, and mechanisms of pathogenicity. Advances in sequencing technologies and reverse genetics systems are providing new tools for studying these viruses and developing novel control strategies. Furthermore, the exploration of natural resistance genes in plants and the use of biotechnological approaches, such as [[CRISPR]]-Cas9, for engineering virus resistance, represent promising areas of future research.
+Viruses in the Comovirinae subfamily are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid. The capsid is composed of 60 copies of a single protein, forming a structure that is approximately 28 nm in diameter. The genome is bipartite, consisting of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules.
+=== Genome ===
+The genome of Comovirinae viruses is divided into two RNA segments:
+* '''RNA-1''': Encodes proteins involved in replication, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
+* '''RNA-2''': Encodes proteins that form the capsid and are involved in cell-to-cell movement.
+=== Transmission ===
+Comovirinae viruses are primarily transmitted through mechanical means, such as contact between plants or through agricultural practices. Some members of the subfamily, particularly those in the Nepovirus genus, are also transmitted by nematodes.
+=== Symptoms ===
+Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns on leaves, stunted growth, and reduced yield. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the virus species, the host plant, and environmental conditions.
+=== Economic Impact ===
+The diseases caused by Comovirinae viruses can lead to significant economic losses in agriculture. For example, the Cowpea mosaic virus affects legume crops, which are important for food security and soil health.
+== Related pages ==
+* [[Secoviridae]]
+* [[Picornavirales]]
+* [[Plant virus]]
+* [[Cowpea mosaic virus]]
-[[Category:Virology]]
-[[Category:Plant pathology]]
 [[Category:Secoviridae]]
+[[Category:Plant viruses]]
-{{Virus-stub}}