Anisocoria: Difference between revisions
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== Anisocoria == | |||
[[File:Anisocoria0.jpg|thumb|right|An example of anisocoria, where the pupils are of unequal sizes.]] | |||
'''Anisocoria''' is a condition characterized by an unequal size of the [[pupil]]s. It is a common condition, occurring in approximately 20% of the population. Anisocoria can be a benign finding or a sign of more serious medical conditions. | |||
== Causes == | |||
Anisocoria can result from a variety of causes, which can be broadly categorized into physiological and pathological causes. | |||
== | === Physiological Anisocoria === | ||
Physiological anisocoria is a benign condition where the difference in pupil size is usually less than 1 mm and does not change with different lighting conditions. It is often idiopathic and does not require treatment. | |||
== | === Pathological Anisocoria === | ||
Pathological anisocoria can be due to: | |||
* '''[[Horner's syndrome]]''': A condition caused by disruption of the sympathetic nerves supplying the eye, leading to ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. | |||
* '''[[Adie's tonic pupil]]''': A neurological disorder where one pupil is larger than normal and reacts slowly to light. | |||
* '''[[Third nerve palsy]]''': A condition affecting the third cranial nerve, leading to ptosis, "down and out" eye position, and pupil dilation. | |||
* '''[[Iritis]] or [[uveitis]]''': Inflammation of the iris or uveal tract can cause anisocoria due to irregular pupil shape or size. | |||
* '''[[Pharmacological agents]]''': Certain medications or drugs can cause anisocoria by affecting the muscles of the iris. | |||
[[ | == Diagnosis == | ||
[[ | The diagnosis of anisocoria involves a thorough [[medical history]] and [[physical examination]]. Key steps include: | ||
* '''Observation in different lighting conditions''': To determine if the anisocoria is more pronounced in bright or dim light. | |||
* '''Slit-lamp examination''': To assess the anterior segment of the eye for any abnormalities. | |||
* '''Neurological examination''': To check for any associated neurological signs that might indicate a more serious underlying condition. | |||
== | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of anisocoria depends on the underlying cause. Physiological anisocoria does not require treatment. Pathological anisocoria requires addressing the underlying condition, which may involve: | |||
* '''Medications''': For conditions like uveitis or iritis. | |||
* | * '''Surgery''': In cases of structural abnormalities or tumors. | ||
* | * '''Observation''': In cases where the cause is benign and self-limiting. | ||
== | == Related pages == | ||
* [[ | * [[Pupil]] | ||
* [[Horner's syndrome]] | * [[Horner's syndrome]] | ||
* [[Adie's tonic pupil]] | |||
* [[Third nerve palsy]] | * [[Third nerve palsy]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Iritis]] | ||
* [[Uveitis]] | |||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
Revision as of 04:00, 13 February 2025
Anisocoria
Anisocoria is a condition characterized by an unequal size of the pupils. It is a common condition, occurring in approximately 20% of the population. Anisocoria can be a benign finding or a sign of more serious medical conditions.
Causes
Anisocoria can result from a variety of causes, which can be broadly categorized into physiological and pathological causes.
Physiological Anisocoria
Physiological anisocoria is a benign condition where the difference in pupil size is usually less than 1 mm and does not change with different lighting conditions. It is often idiopathic and does not require treatment.
Pathological Anisocoria
Pathological anisocoria can be due to:
- Horner's syndrome: A condition caused by disruption of the sympathetic nerves supplying the eye, leading to ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis.
- Adie's tonic pupil: A neurological disorder where one pupil is larger than normal and reacts slowly to light.
- Third nerve palsy: A condition affecting the third cranial nerve, leading to ptosis, "down and out" eye position, and pupil dilation.
- Iritis or uveitis: Inflammation of the iris or uveal tract can cause anisocoria due to irregular pupil shape or size.
- Pharmacological agents: Certain medications or drugs can cause anisocoria by affecting the muscles of the iris.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of anisocoria involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Key steps include:
- Observation in different lighting conditions: To determine if the anisocoria is more pronounced in bright or dim light.
- Slit-lamp examination: To assess the anterior segment of the eye for any abnormalities.
- Neurological examination: To check for any associated neurological signs that might indicate a more serious underlying condition.
Treatment
Treatment of anisocoria depends on the underlying cause. Physiological anisocoria does not require treatment. Pathological anisocoria requires addressing the underlying condition, which may involve:
- Medications: For conditions like uveitis or iritis.
- Surgery: In cases of structural abnormalities or tumors.
- Observation: In cases where the cause is benign and self-limiting.
