Integrin beta 4: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:30, 29 December 2024

Integrin beta-4 (ITGB4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB4 gene. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. They are heterodimeric proteins consisting of alpha and beta subunits. The beta-4 subunit is unique in that it pairs with the alpha-6 subunit to form the α6β4 integrin, which is primarily expressed in epithelial cells.

Function[edit]

Integrin beta-4 plays a critical role in the formation and maintenance of hemidesmosomes, which are structures that anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane. This integrin is involved in signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is particularly important in the skin, where it helps maintain the integrity of the epidermis.

Clinical significance[edit]

Mutations in the ITGB4 gene can lead to epidermolysis bullosa, a group of genetic conditions that result in fragile skin that blisters easily. The α6β4 integrin is also implicated in the progression of certain cancers, as it can influence tumor cell behavior and metastasis.

Interactions[edit]

Integrin beta-4 interacts with several proteins, including:

Plectin, a cytoskeletal linker protein that connects integrins to the intermediate filament network.
Erbin, a protein that associates with the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta-4 and is involved in cell signaling.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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-'''Integrin beta 4''' (also known as '''ITGB4''') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB4 gene. It is a member of the [[integrin]] family and is involved in cell adhesion and recognition in a variety of processes including embryogenesis, hemostasis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumor cells.
+{{Infobox protein
+| name = Integrin beta-4
+| image = <!-- Image removed -->
+| width =
+| caption =
+| symbol = ITGB4
+| HGNCid = 6158
+| OMIM = 147557
+| PDB =
+| RefSeq = NM_000213
+| UniProt = P16144
+| chromosomal_location = 17q25
+}}
-== Structure ==
+'''Integrin beta-4''' (ITGB4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the [[ITGB4]] gene. Integrins are [[transmembrane receptors]] that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. They are heterodimeric proteins consisting of alpha and beta subunits. The beta-4 subunit is unique in that it pairs with the alpha-6 subunit to form the [[α6β4 integrin]], which is primarily expressed in [[epithelial cells]].
-[[File:Integrin beta 4 structure.png|thumb|right|Structure of Integrin beta 4]]
-Integrin beta 4 is a type I membrane protein found in hemidesmosomes. It consists of a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is composed of a seven-bladed beta-propeller, a thigh domain, two calf domains, and a beta-tail domain. The cytoplasmic tail contains several phosphorylation sites and binding sites for proteins such as [[SHC1]] and [[GRB2]].
 == Function ==
-Integrin beta 4 is a receptor for [[fibronectin]] and [[laminin]]. It recognizes the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in its ligands. Upon ligand binding, ITGB4 triggers various intracellular pathways that regulate cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion.
+Integrin beta-4 plays a critical role in the formation and maintenance of [[hemidesmosomes]], which are structures that anchor epithelial cells to the [[basement membrane]]. This integrin is involved in [[signal transduction]] pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is particularly important in the [[skin]], where it helps maintain the integrity of the [[epidermis]].
 == Clinical significance ==
-Mutations in the ITGB4 gene are associated with [[Epidermolysis bullosa]], a group of genetic conditions that cause the skin to be very fragile and to blister easily. In addition, overexpression of ITGB4 has been observed in several types of cancer, including breast, colon, and lung cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis.
+Mutations in the ITGB4 gene can lead to [[epidermolysis bullosa]], a group of genetic conditions that result in fragile skin that blisters easily. The [[α6β4 integrin]] is also implicated in the progression of certain [[cancers]], as it can influence [[tumor cell]] behavior and [[metastasis]].
+== Interactions ==
+Integrin beta-4 interacts with several proteins, including:
+* [[Plectin]], a cytoskeletal linker protein that connects integrins to the intermediate filament network.
+* [[Erbin]], a protein that associates with the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta-4 and is involved in [[cell signaling]].
 == See also ==
 * [[Integrin]]
+* [[Cell adhesion]]
 * [[Epidermolysis bullosa]]
-* [[Fibronectin]]
-* [[Laminin]]
 == References ==
-<references />
+{{Reflist}}
 == External links ==
-* [http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ITGB4 GeneCards - ITGB4]
+* {{GeneReviews|ITGB4}}
+* {{OMIM|147557}}
-[[Category:Cell adhesion proteins]]
 [[Category:Integrins]]
+[[Category:Cell adhesion molecules]]
+[[Category:Human proteins]]
 [[Category:Genes on human chromosome 17]]
-{{medicine-stub}}