Caspase 2

Caspase 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASP2 gene. It is a member of the caspase family, a group of enzymes that play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis, and inflammation.

Structure

File:Structure of Dark apoptosome in complex with Dronc CARD domain (3J9K).gif

Caspase 2 structure

Caspase 2 is a large protein, with a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. It is composed of two subunits, p18 and p12, which are derived from the same precursor protein. The p18 subunit contains the active site of the enzyme, while the p12 subunit is involved in protein-protein interactions.

Function

Caspase 2 is an initiator caspase, as are caspase 8, 9, and 10. This means that these caspases are closely tied to the intracellular events that signal a cell to undergo apoptosis. Caspase 2 is involved in the stress-induced apoptosis pathway and is activated by a variety of cellular stresses, including heat shock, oxidative stress, and cytotoxic drugs.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the function of caspase 2 have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, caspase 2 is often downregulated, which can prevent the apoptosis of cancer cells and allow them to continue to proliferate. In neurodegenerative diseases, caspase 2 has been shown to be involved in neuronal cell death, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target.

See also

• Caspase
• Apoptosis
• Necrosis
• Inflammation

References

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