Helleborus niger

Helleborus foetidus, commonly known as the Stinking hellebore or Bear's foot, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the mountainous regions of Central and Southern Europe. It is known for its distinctive, unpleasant odor, hence the common name.

Description

Helleborus foetidus is an evergreen perennial growing to 80 cm (31 in) tall by 60 cm (24 in) wide. The plant has a robust, erect stem that is often tinged with purple. The leaves are dark green, leathery, and composed of 7-10 leaflets. Each leaflet is lance-shaped and finely toothed at the apex. The flowers, which appear in late winter to early spring, are bell-shaped, drooping, and pale green, often with a purple edge.

Distribution and habitat

Helleborus foetidus is native to the mountainous regions of Central and Southern Europe, including the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Apennines. It is typically found in calcareous (chalky) soils in woodland, scrub, and rocky areas.

Cultivation

In cultivation, Helleborus foetidus prefers a sheltered position in semi-shade or full sun, and well-drained soil. It is hardy and can tolerate temperatures down to -20°C (-4°F). The plant is propagated by seed, which should be sown as soon as it is ripe.

Uses

Despite its unpleasant smell, Helleborus foetidus has been used in traditional medicine. However, all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested, and the sap can cause skin irritation.

Toxicity

All parts of Helleborus foetidus are highly toxic if ingested, and can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and depression of the central nervous system. The sap can cause skin irritation and dermatitis.

See also

• Helleborus
• Ranunculaceae
• Flora of Europe

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  Helleborus niger Kaiser
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  Heleborus niger by Helga von Cramm
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  Christmas Rose
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  Helleborus (three stages)
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  Helleborus niger volunteer seedling
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  Hamburg Museum 1922