Micronucleus

Micronucleus is a small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. It is an extra nucleus that contains the genetic material left behind from a normal cell division. Micronuclei are a type of nuclear anomaly found in eukaryotic cells.

Formation

Micronuclei form during cell division when a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome fails to incorporate into one of the daughter nuclei. This can occur as a result of chromosome breakage or chromosome mis-segregation. The unincorporated genetic material forms a small, separate nucleus within the cell, known as a micronucleus.

Detection

Micronuclei can be detected using various techniques, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), flow cytometry, and microscopy. These techniques allow for the visualization and quantification of micronuclei in cells.

Clinical significance

The presence of micronuclei in cells is often used as a biomarker for genotoxicity and carcinogenesis. Increased levels of micronuclei are associated with a higher risk of cancer and other diseases. Therefore, the detection of micronuclei can be used in the early diagnosis of these diseases.

See also

• Biomarker
• Genotoxicity
• Carcinogenesis

References

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Micronucleus

• Micronucleus
  Micronucleus
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  Micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood erythrocytes of penguins