Suspension trauma

Streptozotocin (also known as STZ) is a naturally occurring alkylating antineoplastic agent that is particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in mammals. It is used in medicine for treating certain cancers of the pancreas and as a tool in diabetes research.

Chemical Structure and Function

Streptozotocin is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound. As a nitrosourea, it is toxic to cells by causing damage to the DNA, specifically at the O6 position of guanine residues. This damage triggers the death of cells, particularly those that are rapidly dividing, such as cancer cells.

Medical Uses

Streptozotocin is used in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic islet cell tumors. It is also used in research to induce Type 1 diabetes in laboratory animals.

Side Effects

Common side effects of streptozotocin include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, liver problems, and a decrease in blood cells.

Mechanism of Action

Streptozotocin enters cells via the glucose transport protein GLUT2, the same protein that allows insulin to enter cells. Once inside, it causes alkylation of DNA, which leads to DNA strand breaks and eventual cell death.

History

Streptozotocin was first isolated in the early 1950s from the bacterium Streptomyces achromogenes. It was initially used as an antibiotic until its anticancer properties were discovered.

See Also

• Pancreatic cancer
• Type 1 diabetes
• Chemotherapy
• DNA alkylation

References

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