Loxoscelism

Loxoscelism is a condition resulting from the bite of a member of the Loxosceles genus of spiders (also known as recluse spiders or brown spiders). The condition can be divided into two forms: cutaneous loxoscelism and systemic loxoscelism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of loxoscelism can vary depending on the form of the condition.

Cutaneous Loxoscelism

Cutaneous loxoscelism is the most common form of the condition. Symptoms typically begin within 2 to 8 hours of the spider bite and can include:

• A small white blister at the site of the bite
• Redness, swelling, and tenderness around the bite
• Development of a necrotic skin lesion

Systemic Loxoscelism

Systemic loxoscelism is less common but more severe. Symptoms can include:

• Fever and chills
• Rash
• Nausea and vomiting
• Joint pain
• Hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of loxoscelism is typically based on the clinical presentation and a history of a spider bite. However, it can be difficult to confirm as other conditions can cause similar symptoms and spider bites are often not witnessed.

Treatment

Treatment for loxoscelism is primarily supportive. This can include:

• Pain relief
• Wound care for any skin lesions
• Treatment of any secondary infections

In severe cases of systemic loxoscelism, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of loxoscelism involves avoiding contact with Loxosceles spiders. This can include:

• Wearing gloves when handling firewood or other items where spiders may be hiding
• Shaking out shoes and clothing before wearing
• Regularly cleaning and decluttering to reduce potential hiding spots for spiders

See Also

• Spider bite
• Necrosis
• Hemolysis

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