Löfgren syndrome: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:29, 16 February 2025

Löfgren Syndrome

Löfgren syndrome is a clinical presentation of sarcoidosis, characterized by a triad of symptoms: erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and arthritis. It is considered an acute form of sarcoidosis and is more common in certain populations, such as those of Scandinavian descent.

Clinical Features

Löfgren syndrome typically presents with the following features:

Erythema Nodosum

Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory condition characterized by tender red nodules, usually located on the shins. It is a common manifestation in Löfgren syndrome and is often one of the first symptoms to appear.

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy refers to the enlargement of the lymph nodes located at the hilum of the lungs. This is a hallmark feature of Löfgren syndrome and can be detected through a chest X-ray.

Arthritis

Arthritis in Löfgren syndrome typically affects the ankles, but it can also involve other joints. The arthritis is usually acute and self-limiting, resolving within a few weeks to months.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Löfgren syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the characteristic triad of symptoms. Additional tests, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, may be used to confirm bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. A biopsy is generally not required unless the diagnosis is uncertain.

Prognosis

Löfgren syndrome generally has a good prognosis, with most patients experiencing spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 6 months to 2 years. The presence of erythema nodosum is associated with a favorable outcome.

Treatment

Treatment for Löfgren syndrome is often supportive, focusing on symptom relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed.

Related Pages

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-'''Löfgren syndrome''' is a specific form of [[sarcoidosis]], a multisystem inflammatory disease. It is characterized by [[erythema nodosum]], bilateral [[hilar lymphadenopathy]], and [[arthritis]]. The syndrome was first described by Swedish physician Sven Löfgren in the 1950s.
+== Löfgren Syndrome ==
-== Symptoms ==
+[[File:Sarcoidosis_signs_and_symptoms.jpg|thumb|right|Symptoms of sarcoidosis, including Löfgren syndrome.]]
-The primary symptoms of Löfgren syndrome include [[erythema nodosum]], a skin condition that results in red, painful lumps most commonly located in the front of the legs below the knees. Other symptoms include bilateral [[hilar lymphadenopathy]], which is the enlargement of lymph nodes located at the root of the lungs, and [[arthritis]], particularly in the larger joints such as the ankles.
-== Causes ==
+'''Löfgren syndrome''' is a clinical presentation of [[sarcoidosis]], characterized by a triad of symptoms: [[erythema nodosum]], [[bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy]], and [[arthritis]]. It is considered an acute form of sarcoidosis and is more common in certain populations, such as those of Scandinavian descent.
-The exact cause of Löfgren syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be a form of [[sarcoidosis]], a disease that results from a specific type of inflammation of tissues of the body. It can appear in almost any body organ, but it starts most often in the lungs or lymph nodes.
+== Clinical Features ==
+Löfgren syndrome typically presents with the following features:
+=== Erythema Nodosum ===
+Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory condition characterized by tender red nodules, usually located on the shins. It is a common manifestation in Löfgren syndrome and is often one of the first symptoms to appear.
+=== Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy ===
+Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy refers to the enlargement of the lymph nodes located at the hilum of the lungs. This is a hallmark feature of Löfgren syndrome and can be detected through a [[chest X-ray]].
+=== Arthritis ===
+Arthritis in Löfgren syndrome typically affects the ankles, but it can also involve other joints. The arthritis is usually acute and self-limiting, resolving within a few weeks to months.
 == Diagnosis ==
-Diagnosis of Löfgren syndrome is typically based on the presence of the characteristic symptoms of erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and arthritis. Additional tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.
+The diagnosis of Löfgren syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the characteristic triad of symptoms. Additional tests, such as a chest X-ray or [[CT scan]], may be used to confirm bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. A [[biopsy]] is generally not required unless the diagnosis is uncertain.
+== Prognosis ==
+Löfgren syndrome generally has a good prognosis, with most patients experiencing spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 6 months to 2 years. The presence of erythema nodosum is associated with a favorable outcome.
 == Treatment ==
-Treatment for Löfgren syndrome primarily involves managing the symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to reduce inflammation and pain. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed.
-== Prognosis ==
+Treatment for Löfgren syndrome is often supportive, focusing on symptom relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ([[NSAIDs]]) are commonly used to manage pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, [[corticosteroids]] may be prescribed.
-The prognosis for individuals with Löfgren syndrome is generally good. Most people with the syndrome recover completely, though it may take months to years. In some cases, however, sarcoidosis may develop.
-== See also ==
+== Related Pages ==
 * [[Sarcoidosis]]
 * [[Erythema nodosum]]
 * [[Arthritis]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-== References ==
+{{Sarcoidosis}}
-<references />
-{{stub}}
-[[Category:Medical conditions]]
+[[Category:Sarcoidosis]]
-[[Category:Syndromes]]
 [[Category:Rheumatology]]
-[[Category:Dermatology]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]