Microvascular decompression

Microvascular decompression (MVD), also known as the Jannetta procedure, is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat neurovascular compression syndromes, such as trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and vestibular schwannoma.

Overview

Microvascular decompression involves the use of a small sponge to separate a nerve from any blood vessels that may be compressing it. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia and involves a small incision behind the ear on the side of the head near the location of the pain.

Indications

Microvascular decompression is indicated for patients with trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and vestibular schwannoma. These conditions are often caused by a blood vessel pressing against a nerve near the brain stem, causing debilitating and often severe facial pain or spasms.

Procedure

The procedure involves making a small hole in the skull behind the ear. The surgeon then inserts a small sponge between the offending vessel and the nerve. This sponge acts as a physical barrier, preventing the vessel from compressing the nerve.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgical procedures, microvascular decompression carries risks. These can include infection, bleeding, hearing loss, facial weakness or numbness, and difficulty swallowing. In rare cases, more serious complications such as stroke or death can occur.

Postoperative Care

After the procedure, patients are typically monitored in the hospital for a few days. Pain medication is provided, and physical therapy may be recommended to help manage any facial weakness or numbness.

See Also

• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
• Hemifacial spasm
• Vestibular schwannoma

References

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