Salmonellosis: Difference between revisions

Salmonellosis
	Salmonella bacteria
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Revision as of 02:42, 11 December 2024

Salmonellosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella. It is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common symptoms of salmonellosis are diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. These symptoms typically begin six hours to six days after infection and can last four to seven days. In some cases, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. In rare cases, the infection can spread from the intestines to the bloodstream and then to other parts of the body, which can be life-threatening unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics.

Causes

Salmonellosis is caused by infection with Salmonella bacteria. There are many different types of Salmonella, but the most common ones that cause illness in humans are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. The bacteria live in the intestines of humans and animals and are shed through feces. Humans typically become infected through:

Eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, or egg products
Drinking contaminated water
Contact with infected animals, especially reptiles and birds

Diagnosis

Salmonellosis is diagnosed by a laboratory test of a stool sample. The test can identify the presence of Salmonella bacteria. In some cases, blood tests may be used to detect the bacteria if the infection has spread beyond the intestines.

Prevention

Preventing salmonellosis involves proper food handling and cooking practices. Key prevention strategies include:

Cooking meat, poultry, and eggs thoroughly
Avoiding cross-contamination by using separate cutting boards for raw meat and other foods
Washing hands, kitchen work surfaces, and utensils with soap and water immediately after they have been in contact with raw meat or poultry
Avoiding consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk and other dairy products

Treatment

Most people recover from salmonellosis without treatment. The primary treatment is rehydration, either orally or intravenously, to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed, especially if the infection has spread beyond the intestines.

Complications

Complications from salmonellosis can include severe dehydration, which may require hospitalization. In some cases, the infection can lead to reactive arthritis, a condition that causes joint pain and swelling.

Also see

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Salmonellosis =
+{{Infobox disease
+| name = Salmonellosis
+| image = SalmonellaNIAID.jpg
+| caption = ''Salmonella'' bacteria
+| field = Infectious disease
+| symptoms = Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps
+| complications = Dehydration, reactive arthritis
+| duration = 4–7 days
+| causes = ''Salmonella'' bacteria
+| risks = Contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals
+| diagnosis = Stool culture
+| prevention = Proper food handling, cooking meat thoroughly
+| treatment = Rehydration, antibiotics in severe cases
+}}
-Salmonellosis is an infection caused by the bacteria of the genus ''Salmonella'', which includes a wide range of serotypes that can affect both humans and animals. This zoonotic disease is primarily contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or water, leading to gastrointestinal illness and occasionally more severe systemic infections.
+'''Salmonellosis''' is an infection caused by the bacteria ''[[Salmonella]]''. It is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.
-[[File:Figure 1. IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma-mediated immunity and IL-23 signalling in response to Salmonella infection .png|thumb|500px|''Salmonella'' bacteria viewed under a microscope.]]
+==Signs and Symptoms==
+The most common symptoms of salmonellosis are diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. These symptoms typically begin six hours to six days after infection and can last four to seven days. In some cases, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. In rare cases, the infection can spread from the intestines to the bloodstream and then to other parts of the body, which can be life-threatening unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics.
-== Transmission ==
+==Causes==
-The ''Salmonella'' bacteria are typically transmitted to humans through:
+Salmonellosis is caused by infection with ''Salmonella'' bacteria. There are many different types of ''Salmonella'', but the most common ones that cause illness in humans are ''Salmonella enterica'' and ''Salmonella bongori''. The bacteria live in the intestines of humans and animals and are shed through feces. Humans typically become infected through:
-- Consumption of contaminated food, particularly undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, and egg products.
+* Eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, or egg products
-- Ingestion of contaminated water.
+* Drinking contaminated water
-- Direct or indirect contact with animals, especially reptiles, poultry, and livestock.
+* Contact with infected animals, especially reptiles and birds
-- Person-to-person spread, particularly in settings with poor hygiene.
-<youtube>
+==Diagnosis==
-title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
+Salmonellosis is diagnosed by a laboratory test of a stool sample. The test can identify the presence of ''Salmonella'' bacteria. In some cases, blood tests may be used to detect the bacteria if the infection has spread beyond the intestines.
-movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/-keXD1n_3Tg
-&rel=1
-embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/-keXD1n_3Tg
-&rel=1
-wrap = yes
-width=750
-height=600
-</youtube>
-== Symptoms ==
+==Prevention==
-Symptoms of salmonellosis usually begin 6 hours to 6 days after infection and include:
+Preventing salmonellosis involves proper food handling and cooking practices. Key prevention strategies include:
-- Diarrhea
+* Cooking meat, poultry, and eggs thoroughly
-- Abdominal cramps
+* Avoiding cross-contamination by using separate cutting boards for raw meat and other foods
-- Fever
+* Washing hands, kitchen work surfaces, and utensils with soap and water immediately after they have been in contact with raw meat or poultry
-- Nausea and vomiting
+* Avoiding consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk and other dairy products
-In some cases, ''Salmonella'' infection can lead to more severe complications, such as dehydration, bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), and reactive arthritis.
-== Diagnosis ==
+[[File:Prevention of Salmonella from the farm to table infographic.png|thumb|Prevention of Salmonella from the farm to table]]
-Diagnosis of salmonellosis is confirmed through the isolation of ''Salmonella'' bacteria from a patient's stool, blood, or other body fluids. Laboratory testing helps in identifying the specific serotype of ''Salmonella'' responsible for the infection, which can be crucial for outbreak investigations and understanding transmission patterns.
-== Treatment ==
+==Treatment==
-Treatment for salmonellosis involves:
+Most people recover from salmonellosis without treatment. The primary treatment is rehydration, either orally or intravenously, to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed, especially if the infection has spread beyond the intestines.
-- Adequate hydration, either orally or intravenously for severe cases of dehydration.
-- Antibiotic therapy is reserved for severe infections, infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The use of antibiotics must be carefully considered due to the increasing issue of antibiotic resistance.
-== Prevention ==
+==Complications==
-Preventive measures against salmonellosis include:
+Complications from salmonellosis can include severe dehydration, which may require hospitalization. In some cases, the infection can lead to reactive arthritis, a condition that causes joint pain and swelling.
-- Proper food handling and preparation practices, such as cooking meat and poultry thoroughly.
-- Regular hand washing, especially after handling animals or their environments.
-- Avoiding cross-contamination in the kitchen between raw and cooked foods.
-- Refrigerating perishable foods promptly.
-== Public Health Significance ==
+==Also see==
-Salmonellosis remains a significant public health concern worldwide due to its widespread occurrence and potential for outbreak situations. Surveillance and control efforts are essential to prevent and respond to salmonellosis outbreaks, especially those linked to contaminated food products.
+* [[Foodborne illness]]
+* [[Gastroenteritis]]
+* [[Infectious disease]]
+* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
-== External Links ==
+{{Infectious diseases}}
-* [https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/index.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Salmonella]
-* [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salmonella-(non-typhoidal) World Health Organization - Salmonella (non-typhoidal)]
-== References ==
-<references />
+[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
 [[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
 [[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
-[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
-{{stub}}

Salmonellosis
Salmonella bacteria
ICD-10
ICD-9
DiseasesDB
MedlinePlus
eMedicine
MeSH ID