|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| == '''What is Alinia?''' ==
| | #REDIRECT [[Nitazoxanide]] {{R from trade name}} |
| | |
| * '''Alinia''' ([[Nitazoxanide]]) is '''an antiprotozoal''' used for the treatment of [[diarrhea]] caused by [[Giardia lamblia]] or [[Cryptosporidium parvum]].
| |
| | |
| [[File:Nitazoxanide.svg|thumb|Nitazoxanide]]
| |
| | |
| [[File:Nitazoxanide-from-xtal-Mercury-3D-balls.png|thumb|Nitazoxanide-from-xtal-Mercury-3D-balls]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| <youtube>
| |
| title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| |
| movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/v=uLXRA_omEe0
| |
| embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/v=uLXRA_omEe0
| |
| &rel=1
| |
| wrap = yes
| |
| width=750
| |
| height=600
| |
| </youtube>
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==
| |
| | |
| * '''Alinia''' ([[Nitazoxanide]]) for Oral Suspension (patients 1 year of age and older) and Alinia Tablets (patients 12 years and older) are used for the treatment of [[diarrhea]] caused by [[Giardia lamblia]] or [[Cryptosporidium parvum]].
| |
| | |
| '''Limitations of use:'''
| |
| * Alinia for Oral Suspension and Alinia Tablets have not been shown to be effective for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum in [[HIV]]-infected or [[immunodeficient]] patients.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''How does this medicine work?''' ==
| |
| | |
| <youtube>
| |
| title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| |
| movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v=oyK_RxjXC2o
| |
| embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v=oyK_RxjXC2o
| |
| &rel=1
| |
| wrap = yes
| |
| width=750
| |
| height=600
| |
| </youtube>
| |
| | |
| * Nitazoxanide is '''an antiprotozoal'''.
| |
| * The antiprotozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to '''interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism'''.
| |
| * Studies have shown that the '''PFOR enzyme from G. lamblia directly reduces nitazoxanide by transfer of electrons in the absence of ferredoxin.
| |
| * The DNA-derived PFOR protein sequence of C.parvum appears to be similar to that of G.lamblia'''.
| |
| * Interference with the PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction may not be the only pathway by which nitazoxanide exhibits antiprotozoal activity.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==
| |
| | |
| This medicine cannot be used in patients with:
| |
| * prior [[hypersensitivity]] to nitazoxanide or any other ingredient in the formulations.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==
| |
| | |
| * Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
| |
| Be sure to mention the medications listed below:
| |
| * [[anticoagulants]] ('blood thinners') such as [[warfarin]] (Coumadin, Jantoven).
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==
| |
| | |
| * Nitazoxanide tablets were approved as a generic medication in the United States in 2020.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==
| |
| | |
| '''Recommended dosage:'''
| |
| '''Dosage for treatment of diarrhea caused by G. lamblia or C. parvum:'''
| |
| * 1-3 years:5 mL of Alinia for Oral Suspension (100 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food.
| |
| * 4-11 years:10 mL of Alinia for Oral Suspension (200 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food for 3 days.
| |
| * 12 years and older: One Alinia Tablet (500 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food or 25 mL of Alinia for Oral Suspension (500 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food.
| |
| | |
| '''Administration:'''
| |
| * Nitazoxanide comes as a tablet and a suspension (liquid) to take by mouth.
| |
| * It is usually taken with food every 12 hours for 3 days.
| |
| * Take nitazoxanide at around the same times every day.
| |
| * Shake the suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==
| |
| | |
| This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
| |
| * As Tablets: 500 mg
| |
| * Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL
| |
| | |
| This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
| |
| * '''ALINIA'''
| |
| | |
| | |
| =='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==
| |
| | |
| The most common side effects of this medicine include:
| |
| * abdominal pain
| |
| * headache
| |
| * [[chromaturia]]
| |
| * [[nausea]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==
| |
| | |
| * Alinia Tablets and Alinia for Oral Suspension should be taken with food.
| |
| * The container should be kept tightly closed, and the suspension should be shaken well before each administration. The suspension may be stored at room temperature for 7 days, after which any unused portion must be discarded.
| |
| * Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV), problems with the immune system, or liver or kidney disease.
| |
| * No information regarding the presence of nitazoxanide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production is available.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==
| |
| | |
| Symptoms of overdose may include:
| |
| * Limited information on nitazoxanide overdosage is available.
| |
| | |
| Management of overdosage:
| |
| * In the event of overdose, gastric lavage may be appropriate soon after oral administration.
| |
| * Patients should be observed and given symptomatic and supportive treatment.
| |
| * There is no specific [[antidote]] for overdose with ALINIA.
| |
| * Because tizoxanide is highly protein bound (>99.9%), [[dialysis]] is unlikely to significantly reduce plasma concentrations of the drug.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==
| |
| | |
| * There are no data with Alinia in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk.
| |
| | |
| | |
| =='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==
| |
| | |
| * The safety and efficacy of Aliniafor Oral Suspension for the treatment of [[diarrhea]] caused by G. lamblia or C. parvum in pediatric patients 1 to 11 years of age has been established.
| |
| * Safety and efficacy of Alinia for Oral Suspension in pediatric patients less than one year of age has not been studied.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==
| |
| | |
| '''Active ingredients:'''
| |
| * NITAZOXANIDE
| |
| | |
| '''Inactive Ingredients:'''
| |
| * TITANIUM DIOXIDE
| |
| * D&C YELLOW NO. 10
| |
| * FD&C YELLOW NO. 6
| |
| * FD&C BLUE NO. 2
| |
| * STARCH, CORN
| |
| * HYPROMELLOSES
| |
| * SUCROSE
| |
| * SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO
| |
| * TALC
| |
| * MAGNESIUM STEARATE
| |
| * LECITHIN, SOYBEAN
| |
| * POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
| |
| * XANTHAN GUM
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==
| |
| | |
| * [[Romark Laboratories, L.C.|Romark, L.C.]]
| |
| * Bayport Drive, Suite 200, Tampa, FL
| |
|
| |
| * Aliniais a registered trademark of Romark.
| |
| | |
| | |
| == '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==
| |
| | |
| '''Alinia Tablets:'''
| |
| * Store the tablets at 25 oC (77 oF); excursions permitted to 15 oC-30 oC (59 oF-86 oF).
| |
| | |
| '''Alinia for Oral Suspension:'''
| |
| * Store the unsuspended powder at 25 oC (77 oF); excursions permitted to 15 oC-30 oC (59 oF-86 oF).
| |
| | |
| | |
| {{coststubd}}
| |
| {{Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases}}
| |
| {{Excavata antiparasitics}}
| |
| {{Portal bar | Medicine}}
| |
| {{Authority control}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Acetate esters]]
| |
| [[Category:Antiparasitic agents]]
| |
| [[Category:Antiviral drugs]]
| |
| [[Category:Nitrothiazoles]]
| |
| [[Category:Salicylamide ethers]]
| |
