Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms}} | {{Short description|A neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition (new) | |||
| name = Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy | |||
| synonyms = CIDP | |||
| image = CIDP Histopathology Teased fibre.jpg | |||
| caption = Histopathology showing a teased nerve fiber from a patient with CIDP. | |||
| pronounce = | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Progressive muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, fatigue, loss of reflexes, difficulty walking | |||
| complications = Permanent nerve damage, muscle atrophy, mobility impairment | |||
| onset = Gradual, often over weeks or months | |||
| duration = Chronic; may be relapsing-remitting or progressive | |||
| types = Typical CIDP, multifocal CIDP (Lewis-Sumner syndrome), pure motor or pure sensory CIDP | |||
| causes = Autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves | |||
| risks = Associated with other autoimmune diseases; may occur post-infection or post-vaccination | |||
| diagnosis = [[Nerve conduction studies]], [[electromyography]], [[lumbar puncture]], [[nerve biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Guillain–Barré syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease]] | |||
| prevention = None known | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[intravenous immunoglobulin]] (IVIG), [[plasma exchange]], immunosuppressive therapy | |||
| medication = Prednisone, IVIG, azathioprine, rituximab | |||
| prognosis = Varies; many improve with treatment, some may have long-term disability | |||
| frequency = Estimated 1–8 per 100,000 people | |||
| deaths = Rare; usually due to complications rather than the disease itself | |||
}} | |||
'''Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy''' ('''CIDP''') is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. It is considered an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of the nerves. CIDP is related to [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], but it progresses more slowly and lasts longer. | '''Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy''' ('''CIDP''') is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. It is considered an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of the nerves. CIDP is related to [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], but it progresses more slowly and lasts longer. | ||
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* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
== External links == | |||
{{Medical resources | |||
| DiseasesDB = 30084 | |||
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|G61.8}} | |||
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|357.81}} | |||
| ICDO = | |||
| OMIM = 139393 | |||
| MedlinePlus = | |||
| eMedicineSubj = neuro | |||
| eMedicineTopic = 467 | |||
| MeshID = D020277 | |||
}} | |||
* {{NINDS|CIDP}} | |||
* [https://www.gbs-cidp.org/cidp/ CIDP at GBS/CIDP Foundation International] | |||
{{PNS diseases of the nervous system}} | |||
{{stub}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy}} | |||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:03, 23 March 2025
A neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms
| Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy | |
|---|---|
| File:CIDP Histopathology Teased fibre.jpg | |
| Synonyms | CIDP |
| Pronounce | |
| Field | Neurology |
| Symptoms | Progressive muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, fatigue, loss of reflexes, difficulty walking |
| Complications | Permanent nerve damage, muscle atrophy, mobility impairment |
| Onset | Gradual, often over weeks or months |
| Duration | Chronic; may be relapsing-remitting or progressive |
| Types | Typical CIDP, multifocal CIDP (Lewis-Sumner syndrome), pure motor or pure sensory CIDP |
| Causes | Autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves |
| Risks | Associated with other autoimmune diseases; may occur post-infection or post-vaccination |
| Diagnosis | Nerve conduction studies, electromyography, lumbar puncture, nerve biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Guillain–Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease |
| Prevention | None known |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, immunosuppressive therapy |
| Medication | Prednisone, IVIG, azathioprine, rituximab |
| Prognosis | Varies; many improve with treatment, some may have long-term disability |
| Frequency | Estimated 1–8 per 100,000 people |
| Deaths | Rare; usually due to complications rather than the disease itself |
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. It is considered an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of the nerves. CIDP is related to Guillain-Barré syndrome, but it progresses more slowly and lasts longer.
Pathophysiology[edit]
CIDP is caused by inflammation of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots, leading to the destruction of the myelin sheath. This demyelination disrupts the normal conduction of electrical impulses along the nerves, resulting in muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, and loss of reflexes. The exact cause of the autoimmune response in CIDP is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve both cellular and humoral immune mechanisms.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of CIDP can vary widely among individuals, but they typically include:
- Progressive muscle weakness, particularly in the arms and legs
- Tingling or numbness in the extremities
- Loss of deep tendon reflexes
- Fatigue
- Difficulty walking
- Sensory ataxia
The progression of symptoms can be gradual, occurring over several months, and may fluctuate in severity.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosing CIDP involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and electrophysiological studies. Key diagnostic criteria include:
- Clinical presentation of progressive weakness and sensory dysfunction
- Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies showing demyelination
- Elevated protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without a significant increase in white blood cells
A nerve biopsy may be performed in some cases to confirm the diagnosis by demonstrating demyelination and inflammation.
Treatment[edit]
The primary goal of treatment for CIDP is to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. Common treatment options include:
- Corticosteroids such as prednisone
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)
- Immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine or rituximab
Physical therapy and occupational therapy are also important components of managing CIDP, helping to maintain muscle strength and improve functional abilities.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with CIDP varies. Some patients experience significant improvement with treatment, while others may have a more chronic course with relapses and remissions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing long-term disability.
Related pages[edit]
External links[edit]
