Viscerotropic leishmaniasis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Viscerotropic leishmaniasis | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| specialty = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = Fever, weight loss, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly | |||
| complications = [[Anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], [[leukopenia]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = [[Leishmania]] species | |||
| risks = [[Travel]] to endemic areas, [[immunosuppression]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Serology]], [[PCR]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Visceral leishmaniasis]], [[malaria]], [[typhoid fever]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of [[sandfly]] bites, use of [[insect repellent]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antimonial]] compounds, [[amphotericin B]], [[miltefosine]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Viscerotropic leishmaniasis''' is a form of [[leishmaniasis]], a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus ''[[Leishmania]]''. This form of leishmaniasis affects the internal organs, particularly the [[spleen]], [[liver]], and [[bone marrow]]. | '''Viscerotropic leishmaniasis''' is a form of [[leishmaniasis]], a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus ''[[Leishmania]]''. This form of leishmaniasis affects the internal organs, particularly the [[spleen]], [[liver]], and [[bone marrow]]. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is caused by several species of ''Leishmania'', including ''[[Leishmania donovani]]'', ''[[Leishmania infantum]]'', and ''[[Leishmania chagasi]]''. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female [[sandflies]]. | Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is caused by several species of ''Leishmania'', including ''[[Leishmania donovani]]'', ''[[Leishmania infantum]]'', and ''[[Leishmania chagasi]]''. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female [[sandflies]]. | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
The disease is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and [[anemia]]. If left untreated, viscerotropic leishmaniasis can be fatal. | The disease is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and [[anemia]]. If left untreated, viscerotropic leishmaniasis can be fatal. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis is made by identifying ''Leishmania'' parasites in a sample from the bone marrow or spleen. The [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) test is also used to detect ''Leishmania'' DNA. | Diagnosis is made by identifying ''Leishmania'' parasites in a sample from the bone marrow or spleen. The [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) test is also used to detect ''Leishmania'' DNA. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment involves the administration of [[antiparasitic drugs]], including [[pentavalent antimonials]], [[amphotericin B]], and [[miltefosine]]. | Treatment involves the administration of [[antiparasitic drugs]], including [[pentavalent antimonials]], [[amphotericin B]], and [[miltefosine]]. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is found in specific areas around the world, including parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Brazil. | Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is found in specific areas around the world, including parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Brazil. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention strategies include controlling the sandfly population and protecting individuals from sandfly bites. | Prevention strategies include controlling the sandfly population and protecting individuals from sandfly bites. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Cutaneous leishmaniasis]] | * [[Cutaneous leishmaniasis]] | ||
* [[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]] | * [[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]] | ||
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | [[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Tropical diseases]] | [[Category:Tropical diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Neglected diseases]] | [[Category:Neglected diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:09, 4 April 2025
| Viscerotropic leishmaniasis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Fever, weight loss, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly |
| Complications | Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Leishmania species |
| Risks | Travel to endemic areas, immunosuppression |
| Diagnosis | Serology, PCR, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, typhoid fever |
| Prevention | Avoidance of sandfly bites, use of insect repellent |
| Treatment | Antimonial compounds, amphotericin B, miltefosine |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is a form of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania. This form of leishmaniasis affects the internal organs, particularly the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
Etiology[edit]
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is caused by several species of Leishmania, including Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania chagasi. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female sandflies.
Clinical Features[edit]
The disease is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and anemia. If left untreated, viscerotropic leishmaniasis can be fatal.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is made by identifying Leishmania parasites in a sample from the bone marrow or spleen. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is also used to detect Leishmania DNA.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment involves the administration of antiparasitic drugs, including pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, and miltefosine.
Epidemiology[edit]
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is found in specific areas around the world, including parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Brazil.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention strategies include controlling the sandfly population and protecting individuals from sandfly bites.
