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| {{Infobox medical condition | |
| | name = Hypertension
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| | image = <!-- Image of hypertension -->
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| | caption = <!-- Caption for the image -->
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| | field = Cardiology
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| | symptoms = [[Headache]], [[dizziness]], [[shortness of breath]]
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| | complications = [[Heart disease]], [[stroke]], [[kidney failure]]
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| | onset = Gradual | |
| | duration = Long term | |
| | causes = [[Genetics]], [[diet]], [[lifestyle]] | |
| | risks = [[Obesity]], [[smoking]], [[alcohol consumption]] | |
| | diagnosis = [[Blood pressure measurement]]
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| | treatment = [[Lifestyle changes]], [[medication]]
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| | frequency = Common
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| }}
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| '''Hypertension''', also known as '''high blood pressure''', is a chronic medical condition in which the [[blood pressure]] in the [[arteries]] is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for [[cardiovascular disease]], including [[heart attack]] and [[stroke]].
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| == Signs and Symptoms ==
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| Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the [[heart]] and [[arteries]]. Some people with high blood pressure may experience [[headaches]], [[dizziness]], or [[shortness of breath]].
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| == Causes ==
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| The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:
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| * [[Genetics]]
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| * [[Unhealthy diet]], particularly high [[salt]] intake
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| * [[Lack of physical activity]]
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| * [[Obesity]]
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| * [[Excessive alcohol consumption]]
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| * [[Smoking]]
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| == Diagnosis ==
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| Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a [[sphygmomanometer]]. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.
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| == Treatment ==
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| Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:
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| * Eating a [[healthy diet]]
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| * Reducing [[salt]] intake
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| * Engaging in regular [[physical activity]]
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| * Maintaining a [[healthy weight]]
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| * Limiting [[alcohol consumption]]
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| * Quitting [[smoking]]
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| Medications used to treat hypertension include [[diuretics]], [[beta-blockers]], [[ACE inhibitors]], and [[calcium channel blockers]].
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| == Complications ==
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| If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:
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| * [[Heart disease]]
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| * [[Stroke]]
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| * [[Kidney failure]]
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| * [[Vision loss]]
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| == Prevention ==
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| Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.
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| == See Also ==
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| * [[Cardiovascular disease]]
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| * [[Blood pressure]]
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| * [[Heart attack]]
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}} | |
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| == External Links ==
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| * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension World Health Organization: Hypertension]
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| * [https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/index.htm CDC: High Blood Pressure]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Hypertension]]
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| [[Category:Medical conditions]]
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