John Charnley

Sir John Charnley (29 August 1911 – 5 August 1982) was a pioneering British orthopaedic surgeon who is best known for his development of the modern total hip replacement. His work revolutionized the treatment of severe arthritis and other hip disorders, significantly improving the quality of life for millions of patients worldwide.

Early Life and Education

John Charnley was born in Bury, Lancashire, England. He attended Manchester Grammar School and later studied medicine at the Victoria University of Manchester, where he graduated in 1935. Charnley completed his surgical training at the Manchester Royal Infirmary and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1939.

Career

During World War II, Charnley served as a surgical specialist in the Royal Army Medical Corps. After the war, he returned to Manchester and began his work in orthopaedics. In 1947, he was appointed as a consultant orthopaedic surgeon at Wrightington Hospital, where he conducted much of his groundbreaking research.

Development of the Total Hip Replacement

Charnley's most significant contribution to medicine was the development of the low-friction arthroplasty, commonly known as the total hip replacement. He introduced the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a bearing surface, but later switched to ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) due to wear issues. Charnley also pioneered the use of bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) to fix the prosthetic components to the bone.

His design consisted of a metal femoral component and a polyethylene acetabular component, which together allowed for smooth, low-friction movement. This innovation drastically reduced pain and improved mobility for patients with hip joint diseases.

Influence and Legacy

Charnley's work laid the foundation for modern joint replacement surgery. His techniques and principles are still used today, and his contributions have been recognized worldwide. In 1977, he was knighted for his services to medicine.

Publications

Charnley authored several influential books and papers, including The Closed Treatment of Common Fractures and Low Friction Arthroplasty of the Hip: Theory and Practice. His publications have been widely cited and continue to be a valuable resource for orthopaedic surgeons.

Personal Life

Charnley was married to Jill Charnley, and they had two children. He was known for his dedication to his work and his patients, as well as his innovative spirit.

Death

John Charnley passed away on 5 August 1982, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and excellence in orthopaedic surgery.

Also see

• Hip replacement
• Orthopaedic surgery
• Bone cement
• Arthroplasty

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  Manchester Royal Infirmary, 1957
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  Hip replacement
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  Lathe used by Sir John Charnley to make cups for hip replacements
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  Ventilated surgical exhaust suit designed by Sir John Charnley