Normal pressure hydrocephalus: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Normal pressure hydrocephalus | |||
| image = [[File:Normal_pressure_hydrocephalus_versus_atrophy.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = MRI showing normal pressure hydrocephalus (left) versus atrophy (right) | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Gait disturbance]], [[urinary incontinence]], [[dementia]] | |||
| onset = Typically [[elderly]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Idiopathic]], [[secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[head injury]], [[infection]], [[tumor]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[vascular disease]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical assessment]], [[neuroimaging]] | |||
| differential = [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[cerebrovascular disease]] | |||
| treatment = [[Ventriculoperitoneal shunt]], [[endoscopic third ventriculostomy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, often improved with treatment | |||
| frequency = Unknown, but more common in older adults | |||
}} | |||
'''Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus''' ('''NPH''') is a type of [[hydrocephalus]] that often occurs in older adults. The condition is characterized by the buildup of [[cerebrospinal fluid]] in the brain's [[ventricles]], which can cause a variety of symptoms. | '''Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus''' ('''NPH''') is a type of [[hydrocephalus]] that often occurs in older adults. The condition is characterized by the buildup of [[cerebrospinal fluid]] in the brain's [[ventricles]], which can cause a variety of symptoms. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The classic symptoms of NPH include problems with walking, [[urinary incontinence]], and mild [[dementia]]. These symptoms may not occur all at once, and their onset is often gradual. | The classic symptoms of NPH include problems with walking, [[urinary incontinence]], and mild [[dementia]]. These symptoms may not occur all at once, and their onset is often gradual. | ||
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=== Gait Disturbance === | === Gait Disturbance === | ||
The most common symptom of NPH is difficulty walking. This is often described as a shuffling walk with short steps, similar to [[Parkinson's disease]]. The person may have trouble starting to walk and may also have difficulty turning. | The most common symptom of NPH is difficulty walking. This is often described as a shuffling walk with short steps, similar to [[Parkinson's disease]]. The person may have trouble starting to walk and may also have difficulty turning. | ||
=== Urinary Incontinence === | === Urinary Incontinence === | ||
Urinary incontinence is another common symptom of NPH. This may initially appear as an increased urgency to urinate, but can progress to complete loss of bladder control. | Urinary incontinence is another common symptom of NPH. This may initially appear as an increased urgency to urinate, but can progress to complete loss of bladder control. | ||
=== Dementia === | === Dementia === | ||
Mild dementia is the third classic symptom of NPH. This can include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and changes in personality or behavior. | Mild dementia is the third classic symptom of NPH. This can include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and changes in personality or behavior. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The exact cause of NPH is unknown. However, it is often associated with conditions that can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, such as [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[meningitis]], or [[head trauma]]. | The exact cause of NPH is unknown. However, it is often associated with conditions that can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, such as [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[meningitis]], or [[head trauma]]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of NPH involves a clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and sometimes a lumbar puncture. The [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]] can show enlargement of the ventricles in the brain, which is characteristic of NPH. | Diagnosis of NPH involves a clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and sometimes a lumbar puncture. The [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]] can show enlargement of the ventricles in the brain, which is characteristic of NPH. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for NPH typically involves surgically implanting a [[shunt]] in the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. This can help to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. | Treatment for NPH typically involves surgically implanting a [[shunt]] in the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. This can help to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Hydrocephalus]] | * [[Hydrocephalus]] | ||
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* [[Urinary incontinence]] | * [[Urinary incontinence]] | ||
* [[Gait disturbance]] | * [[Gait disturbance]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Geriatrics]] | [[Category:Geriatrics]] | ||
[[Category:CSF disorders]] | [[Category:CSF disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:07, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus | |
|---|---|
| File:Normal pressure hydrocephalus versus atrophy.jpg | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, dementia |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically elderly |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Idiopathic, secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage, head injury, infection, tumor |
| Risks | Age, vascular disease |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, neuroimaging |
| Differential diagnosis | Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disease |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, endoscopic third ventriculostomy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, often improved with treatment |
| Frequency | Unknown, but more common in older adults |
| Deaths | N/A |
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that often occurs in older adults. The condition is characterized by the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain's ventricles, which can cause a variety of symptoms.
Symptoms[edit]
The classic symptoms of NPH include problems with walking, urinary incontinence, and mild dementia. These symptoms may not occur all at once, and their onset is often gradual.
Gait Disturbance[edit]
The most common symptom of NPH is difficulty walking. This is often described as a shuffling walk with short steps, similar to Parkinson's disease. The person may have trouble starting to walk and may also have difficulty turning.
Urinary Incontinence[edit]
Urinary incontinence is another common symptom of NPH. This may initially appear as an increased urgency to urinate, but can progress to complete loss of bladder control.
Dementia[edit]
Mild dementia is the third classic symptom of NPH. This can include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and changes in personality or behavior.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of NPH is unknown. However, it is often associated with conditions that can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, or head trauma.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of NPH involves a clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and sometimes a lumbar puncture. The MRI or CT scan can show enlargement of the ventricles in the brain, which is characteristic of NPH.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for NPH typically involves surgically implanting a shunt in the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. This can help to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
