Vanadium hexacarbonyl: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:09, 15 February 2025

Vanadium Hexacarbonyl[edit]

Vanadium hexacarbonyl, with the chemical formula V(CO)₆, is a metal carbonyl compound consisting of a vanadium atom surrounded by six carbon monoxide ligands. It is a member of the transition metal carbonyls, which are complexes formed between transition metals and carbon monoxide.

Structure and Bonding[edit]

Vanadium hexacarbonyl is an octahedral complex, where the vanadium atom is at the center of an octahedron formed by six carbon monoxide ligands. The V-C bond is a result of both _-donation from the carbon monoxide to the vanadium and π-backbonding from the vanadium to the carbon monoxide. This dual bonding interaction stabilizes the complex.

Synthesis[edit]

Vanadium hexacarbonyl can be synthesized by the reaction of vanadium pentachloride (VCl₅) with carbon monoxide under high pressure. The reaction typically requires a reducing agent, such as sodium or magnesium, to facilitate the reduction of vanadium from the +5 oxidation state to the zero oxidation state in the complex.

Properties[edit]

Vanadium hexacarbonyl is a volatile, air-sensitive compound that decomposes upon exposure to air. It is typically handled under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent decomposition. The compound is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, such as hexane and toluene.

Applications[edit]

While vanadium hexacarbonyl itself is not widely used in industry, it serves as a precursor to other vanadium compounds and as a reagent in organometallic chemistry. It is also of interest in academic research for studying the bonding and electronic properties of metal carbonyls.

Safety[edit]

Vanadium hexacarbonyl is considered toxic and should be handled with care. It can release carbon monoxide, a toxic gas, upon decomposition. Proper ventilation and protective equipment are necessary when working with this compound.

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''Vanadium hexacarbonyl''', with the chemical formula V(CO)<sub>6</sub>, is a metal carbonyl where vanadium is in the oxidation state 0. This compound is a rare example of a homoleptic metal carbonyl that is stable at room temperature, making it of interest in both the field of inorganic chemistry and potential industrial applications. Vanadium hexacarbonyl is part of a broader class of compounds known as [[transition metal carbonyls]].
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:Vanadium hexacarbonyl}}
-== Structure and Properties ==
+== Vanadium Hexacarbonyl ==
-Vanadium hexacarbonyl adopts an octahedral geometry, a common structural motif for metal carbonyls with six carbon monoxide ligands. The V-C and C-O bond lengths are indicative of strong sigma donation from the carbon monoxide ligands to the metal and back-donation from the metal to the antibonding orbitals of carbon monoxide. This back-donation stabilizes the compound and is a key feature of metal carbonyl chemistry.
+[[File:V(CO)6.png|thumb|right|Structure of vanadium hexacarbonyl]]
+'''Vanadium hexacarbonyl''', with the chemical formula '''V(CO)<sub>6</sub>''', is a metal carbonyl compound consisting of a vanadium atom surrounded by six carbon monoxide ligands. It is a member of the [[transition metal carbonyl]]s, which are complexes formed between transition metals and carbon monoxide.
-The compound is volatile and, like many metal carbonyls, toxic, necessitating careful handling under controlled conditions. It is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, which facilitates its use in organic synthesis and catalytic processes.
+== Structure and Bonding ==
+Vanadium hexacarbonyl is an octahedral complex, where the vanadium atom is at the center of an octahedron formed by six carbon monoxide ligands. The V-C bond is a result of both _-donation from the carbon monoxide to the vanadium and π-backbonding from the vanadium to the carbon monoxide. This dual bonding interaction stabilizes the complex.
 == Synthesis ==
-Vanadium hexacarbonyl can be synthesized by the direct reaction of vanadium metal with carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature. An alternative method involves the reduction of vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) with carbon monoxide in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium or magnesium. These methods highlight the reactivity of vanadium and its ability to form complexes with carbon monoxide under specific conditions.
+Vanadium hexacarbonyl can be synthesized by the reaction of vanadium pentachloride (VCl<sub>5</sub>) with carbon monoxide under high pressure. The reaction typically requires a reducing agent, such as sodium or magnesium, to facilitate the reduction of vanadium from the +5 oxidation state to the zero oxidation state in the complex.
-== Reactions ==
+== Properties ==
-Vanadium hexacarbonyl participates in several types of chemical reactions. It can undergo substitution reactions where one or more CO ligands are replaced by other ligands, providing a pathway to a variety of vanadium-containing compounds. Additionally, it can serve as a catalyst or precursor in organic synthesis, including hydroformylation and other carbonylation reactions.
+Vanadium hexacarbonyl is a volatile, air-sensitive compound that decomposes upon exposure to air. It is typically handled under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, to prevent decomposition. The compound is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, such as hexane and toluene.
 == Applications ==
-While the direct applications of vanadium hexacarbonyl are limited due to its reactivity and toxicity, it serves as an important precursor and catalyst in organic synthesis. Its ability to undergo controlled reactions with various ligands and substrates makes it valuable in the synthesis of complex organic molecules and in the study of catalytic processes.
+While vanadium hexacarbonyl itself is not widely used in industry, it serves as a precursor to other vanadium compounds and as a reagent in organometallic chemistry. It is also of interest in academic research for studying the bonding and electronic properties of metal carbonyls.
-== Safety and Handling ==
+== Safety ==
-Due to its toxicity and volatility, vanadium hexacarbonyl requires careful handling. It can decompose to release carbon monoxide, a toxic gas, and therefore should be used only under inert atmosphere conditions in a well-ventilated fume hood. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and eye protection, is essential when working with this compound.
+Vanadium hexacarbonyl is considered toxic and should be handled with care. It can release carbon monoxide, a toxic gas, upon decomposition. Proper ventilation and protective equipment are necessary when working with this compound.
-== See Also ==
+== Related Pages ==
 * [[Metal carbonyl]]
-* [[Transition metal]]
+* [[Transition metal complex]]
-* [[Catalysis]]
 * [[Organometallic chemistry]]
-[[Category:Inorganic compounds]]
 [[Category:Vanadium compounds]]
 [[Category:Metal carbonyls]]
-{{Chem-stub}}