Premature ventricular contraction: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Premature ventricular contraction | |||
| image = [[File:Ectopic_focus_(no_title).svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram showing an ectopic focus in the heart | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = Ventricular premature beat, ventricular extrasystole | |||
| symptoms = [[Palpitations]], feeling of "skipped" heartbeats | |||
| complications = [[Ventricular tachycardia]], [[ventricular fibrillation]] | |||
| onset = Can occur at any age | |||
| duration = Usually brief | |||
| causes = [[Electrolyte imbalance]], [[stress]], [[caffeine]], [[alcohol]], [[tobacco]], [[heart disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Hypertension]], [[coronary artery disease]], [[myocardial infarction]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG), [[Holter monitor]] | |||
| differential = [[Atrial fibrillation]], [[supraventricular tachycardia]] | |||
| treatment = Lifestyle changes, [[beta blockers]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[antiarrhythmic drugs]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally benign in healthy individuals | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
[[File:PVC10.JPG|Premature ventricular contraction|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:VPC_1.png|Premature ventricular contraction|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Ectopic_focus.svg|Premature ventricular contraction|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:NSR_and_Ectopic_beats_(PVC_and_PAC).svg|Premature ventricular contraction|thumb]] | |||
'''Premature ventricular contraction''' (PVC) is a relatively common event where the [[Heart|heart]] has a heartbeat that is not initiated by the [[Sinoatrial node|sinoatrial node]], the natural pacemaker of the heart where normal heartbeat is initiated. It is caused by an impulse from a ventricular focus. | '''Premature ventricular contraction''' (PVC) is a relatively common event where the [[Heart|heart]] has a heartbeat that is not initiated by the [[Sinoatrial node|sinoatrial node]], the natural pacemaker of the heart where normal heartbeat is initiated. It is caused by an impulse from a ventricular focus. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
PVCs may be caused by [[Heart disease|heart disease]], [[Stress (biology)|stress]], [[Exercise|exercise]], [[Caffeine|caffeine]], certain medications, and [[Alcohol|alcohol]]. They may occur in healthy individuals and are sometimes found during routine [[Electrocardiography|ECG]] examinations. | PVCs may be caused by [[Heart disease|heart disease]], [[Stress (biology)|stress]], [[Exercise|exercise]], [[Caffeine|caffeine]], certain medications, and [[Alcohol|alcohol]]. They may occur in healthy individuals and are sometimes found during routine [[Electrocardiography|ECG]] examinations. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
PVCs are typically asymptomatic, but they can cause [[Heart palpitation|heart palpitations]], and in severe cases, they may lead to [[Cardiomyopathy|cardiomyopathy]]. | PVCs are typically asymptomatic, but they can cause [[Heart palpitation|heart palpitations]], and in severe cases, they may lead to [[Cardiomyopathy|cardiomyopathy]]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
PVCs can be diagnosed through an [[Electrocardiogram|ECG]], [[Holter monitor|Holter monitor]], or [[Event monitor|event monitor]]. The ECG will show a premature beat, and the following beat will be a compensatory pause. | PVCs can be diagnosed through an [[Electrocardiogram|ECG]], [[Holter monitor|Holter monitor]], or [[Event monitor|event monitor]]. The ECG will show a premature beat, and the following beat will be a compensatory pause. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for PVCs is typically not necessary unless they are causing significant symptoms or are linked to other forms of heart disease. In such cases, treatment may include [[Medication|medications]], [[Lifestyle|lifestyle changes]], or in severe cases, [[Catheter ablation|catheter ablation]]. | Treatment for PVCs is typically not necessary unless they are causing significant symptoms or are linked to other forms of heart disease. In such cases, treatment may include [[Medication|medications]], [[Lifestyle|lifestyle changes]], or in severe cases, [[Catheter ablation|catheter ablation]]. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for individuals with PVCs is typically good, especially in those without other heart disease. However, frequent PVCs or certain patterns of them may be a sign of an increased risk of [[Death|death]]. | The prognosis for individuals with PVCs is typically good, especially in those without other heart disease. However, frequent PVCs or certain patterns of them may be a sign of an increased risk of [[Death|death]]. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Cardiac dysrhythmia]] | * [[Cardiac dysrhythmia]] | ||
| Line 21: | Line 38: | ||
* [[Trigeminy]] | * [[Trigeminy]] | ||
* [[Ventricular tachycardia]] | * [[Ventricular tachycardia]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ventricular-contractions/symptoms-causes/syc-20376757 Mayo Clinic - Premature ventricular contractions] | * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ventricular-contractions/symptoms-causes/syc-20376757 Mayo Clinic - Premature ventricular contractions] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Medical terminology]] | [[Category:Medical terminology]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Cardiac]] | [[Category:Symptoms and signs: Cardiac]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:08, 13 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Premature ventricular contraction | |
|---|---|
.svg)
| |
| Synonyms | Ventricular premature beat, ventricular extrasystole |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Palpitations, feeling of "skipped" heartbeats |
| Complications | Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation |
| Onset | Can occur at any age |
| Duration | Usually brief |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Electrolyte imbalance, stress, caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, heart disease |
| Risks | Hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction |
| Diagnosis | Electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor |
| Differential diagnosis | Atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally benign in healthy individuals |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
.svg)
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a relatively common event where the heart has a heartbeat that is not initiated by the sinoatrial node, the natural pacemaker of the heart where normal heartbeat is initiated. It is caused by an impulse from a ventricular focus.
Causes[edit]
PVCs may be caused by heart disease, stress, exercise, caffeine, certain medications, and alcohol. They may occur in healthy individuals and are sometimes found during routine ECG examinations.
Symptoms[edit]
PVCs are typically asymptomatic, but they can cause heart palpitations, and in severe cases, they may lead to cardiomyopathy.
Diagnosis[edit]
PVCs can be diagnosed through an ECG, Holter monitor, or event monitor. The ECG will show a premature beat, and the following beat will be a compensatory pause.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for PVCs is typically not necessary unless they are causing significant symptoms or are linked to other forms of heart disease. In such cases, treatment may include medications, lifestyle changes, or in severe cases, catheter ablation.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with PVCs is typically good, especially in those without other heart disease. However, frequent PVCs or certain patterns of them may be a sign of an increased risk of death.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references />
