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'''Transfer factor''' is a type of molecule found in the immune systems of humans and other animals. It is believed to play a role in the body's immune response by transferring immune memory from one individual to another. Transfer factors were first discovered in the 1940s by Dr. H. Sherwood Lawrence, who found that they could transfer immunity from a person who had previously been infected with a disease to a person who had not.
{{Short description|An overview of transfer factors in immunology}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}


== History ==
==Overview==
[[File:TransferFactors.jpg|thumb|right|Illustration of transfer factors in action]]
'''Transfer factors''' are small molecules that play a crucial role in the [[immune system]]. They are composed of [[amino acids]] and are derived from [[leukocytes]]. Transfer factors are known for their ability to transfer [[cell-mediated immunity]] from one individual to another. This property makes them a subject of interest in [[immunology]] and potential therapeutic applications.


Transfer factors were first discovered in 1949 by Dr. H. Sherwood Lawrence. He was studying the immune response in tuberculosis patients and found that he could transfer immunity from a person who had previously been infected with tuberculosis to a person who had not. This discovery led to the development of the concept of transfer factors.
==History==
The concept of transfer factors was first introduced in the 1950s by Dr. [[Henry Sherwood Lawrence]], who discovered that an immune response could be transferred from a donor to a recipient through a dialyzable extract of [[white blood cells]]. This discovery opened new avenues for research into immune modulation and therapy.


== Function ==
==Structure and Function==
Transfer factors are composed of small [[peptides]] that are typically 44 amino acids in length. They are not species-specific, meaning they can function across different species. Transfer factors work by transferring specific [[antigen]] recognition information to the recipient's immune system, thereby enhancing its ability to respond to specific pathogens.


Transfer factors are small molecules that are produced by immune cells called T lymphocytes. They are believed to play a role in the body's immune response by transferring immune memory from one individual to another. This can help to boost the immune system and fight off infections.
==Mechanism of Action==
The mechanism by which transfer factors exert their effects involves the modulation of [[T cells]], particularly [[helper T cells]] and [[cytotoxic T cells]]. By enhancing the activity of these cells, transfer factors can improve the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. They are also thought to play a role in [[immune regulation]], helping to maintain a balanced immune response.


== Research ==
==Applications==
Transfer factors have been explored for their potential use in treating various conditions, including [[infectious diseases]], [[autoimmune disorders]], and [[cancer]]. They are considered as a form of [[immunotherapy]], aiming to boost the body's natural defense mechanisms.


Research into transfer factors has been ongoing since their discovery. Some studies have suggested that they may be useful in treating a variety of diseases, including cancer, HIV, and chronic fatigue syndrome. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to fully understand how transfer factors work.
==Research and Development==
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of transfer factors and their potential therapeutic applications. Studies are being conducted to evaluate their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.


== See also ==
==Related pages==
 
* [[Immune system]]
* [[Immunology]]
* [[Immunotherapy]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[T cells]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Antigen]]
* [[HIV]]
* [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
 
== References ==
 
<references />


[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Medical terms]]
[[Category:Health]]
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Latest revision as of 12:01, 15 February 2025

An overview of transfer factors in immunology



Overview[edit]

Illustration of transfer factors in action

Transfer factors are small molecules that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are composed of amino acids and are derived from leukocytes. Transfer factors are known for their ability to transfer cell-mediated immunity from one individual to another. This property makes them a subject of interest in immunology and potential therapeutic applications.

History[edit]

The concept of transfer factors was first introduced in the 1950s by Dr. Henry Sherwood Lawrence, who discovered that an immune response could be transferred from a donor to a recipient through a dialyzable extract of white blood cells. This discovery opened new avenues for research into immune modulation and therapy.

Structure and Function[edit]

Transfer factors are composed of small peptides that are typically 44 amino acids in length. They are not species-specific, meaning they can function across different species. Transfer factors work by transferring specific antigen recognition information to the recipient's immune system, thereby enhancing its ability to respond to specific pathogens.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

The mechanism by which transfer factors exert their effects involves the modulation of T cells, particularly helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. By enhancing the activity of these cells, transfer factors can improve the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. They are also thought to play a role in immune regulation, helping to maintain a balanced immune response.

Applications[edit]

Transfer factors have been explored for their potential use in treating various conditions, including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. They are considered as a form of immunotherapy, aiming to boost the body's natural defense mechanisms.

Research and Development[edit]

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of transfer factors and their potential therapeutic applications. Studies are being conducted to evaluate their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.

Related pages[edit]