Directed mutagenesis

Directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology technique that is used to make specific and intentional changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any protein products which it may encode. It is also known as site-directed mutagenesis (SDM).

Overview

Directed mutagenesis is used in genetic engineering to alter DNA sequences in order to effect a specific change in the genetic material. This can be a change as small as a single base pair mutation, or as large as a series of multiple mutations.

The technique is used in many areas of molecular biology and biotechnology, including in the study of protein function, the creation of genetically modified organisms, and in the development of genetic therapies.

Process

The process of directed mutagenesis involves the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to create a DNA sequence that is identical to the desired gene, but with the desired mutation. This is then inserted into the organism, replacing the original gene.

The process can be performed in a number of ways, including by using mutagenic primers during PCR, or by using a mutagenesis kit which contains all the necessary components for the process.

Applications

Directed mutagenesis has a wide range of applications in molecular biology and biotechnology. It is used in the study of protein function, allowing scientists to alter the amino acid sequence of a protein and observe the effect this has on its function.

It is also used in the creation of genetically modified organisms, where it allows for the introduction of specific traits or characteristics.

In the field of genetic therapies, directed mutagenesis is used to correct genetic defects, potentially providing a cure for genetic diseases.

See also

• Genetic engineering
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Genetically modified organisms
• Genetic therapies

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