Phenazone: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:56, 13 February 2025

Phenazone[edit]

Phenazone, also known as antipyrine, is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug. It was first synthesized in 1887 by the German chemist Ludwig Knorr. Phenazone is used for its pain-relieving and fever-reducing properties.

Chemical Properties[edit]

Phenazone is a pyrazolone derivative with the chemical formula C₁₁H₁₂N₂O. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The compound is known for its rapid absorption and onset of action when administered orally.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Phenazone works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation and pain. By reducing the production of prostaglandins, phenazone alleviates pain and reduces fever.

Medical Uses[edit]

Phenazone is primarily used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, toothaches, and muscle pain. It is also used to reduce fever in conditions like the common cold or influenza. In some cases, phenazone is combined with other analgesics or caffeine to enhance its effects.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of phenazone include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. In rare cases, it can cause allergic reactions or blood disorders like agranulocytosis. Patients are advised to use phenazone under medical supervision, especially if they have a history of allergies or asthma.

History[edit]

Phenazone was one of the first synthetic drugs to be used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Its discovery marked a significant advancement in the development of non-opioid pain relievers. Over time, phenazone has been largely replaced by newer drugs with improved safety profiles, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen.

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''Phenazone''' (also known as '''antipyrine''' or '''analgesine''') is an analgesic and antipyretic compound with the chemical formula C11H12N2O. It was first synthesized by Ludwig Knorr in 1887. Phenazone is derived from pyrazolone, with additional ketone and phenyl groups.
+== Phenazone ==
-==Etymology==
+[[File:Phenazone2DCSD.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Phenazone]]
-The term "phenazone" is derived from the chemical structure of the compound, which consists of a phenyl group (from Greek ''phainein'', meaning "to show") and a azo group (from Greek ''azo'', meaning "nitrogen"). The suffix "-one" indicates the presence of a carbonyl group.
-==Pharmacology==
+'''Phenazone''', also known as '''antipyrine''', is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug. It was first synthesized in 1887 by the German chemist [[Ludwig Knorr]]. Phenazone is used for its pain-relieving and fever-reducing properties.
-Phenazone has analgesic (pain-relieving) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It is thought to act by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in the body's inflammatory response. Phenazone is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized in the liver.
-==Medical uses==
+== Chemical Properties ==
-Phenazone is used to treat pain and fever. It is often combined with other medications, such as caffeine, to enhance its effects. Phenazone has also been used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and as a diagnostic tool in testing for deficiencies of certain enzymes in the body.
-==Side effects==
+Phenazone is a [[pyrazolone]] derivative with the chemical formula C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The compound is known for its rapid absorption and onset of action when administered orally.
-Common side effects of phenazone include gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and allergic reactions. In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects such as blood disorders and liver damage.
-==Related terms==
+== Mechanism of Action ==
-* [[Analgesic]]: A type of medication used to relieve pain.
-* [[Antipyretic]]: A type of medication used to reduce fever.
+Phenazone works by inhibiting the enzyme [[cyclooxygenase]] (COX), which is involved in the synthesis of [[prostaglandins]]. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation and pain. By reducing the production of prostaglandins, phenazone alleviates pain and reduces fever.
-* [[Prostaglandin]]: A group of compounds with various hormone-like effects, including the promotion of inflammation.
-* [[Rheumatic disease]]: A group of disorders affecting the joints and connective tissue.
+== Medical Uses ==
+Phenazone is primarily used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, toothaches, and muscle pain. It is also used to reduce fever in conditions like the common cold or influenza. In some cases, phenazone is combined with other analgesics or [[caffeine]] to enhance its effects.
+== Side Effects ==
+Common side effects of phenazone include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. In rare cases, it can cause [[allergic reactions]] or [[blood disorders]] like [[agranulocytosis]]. Patients are advised to use phenazone under medical supervision, especially if they have a history of [[allergies]] or [[asthma]].
+== History ==
+Phenazone was one of the first synthetic drugs to be used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Its discovery marked a significant advancement in the development of non-opioid pain relievers. Over time, phenazone has been largely replaced by newer drugs with improved safety profiles, such as [[paracetamol]] and [[ibuprofen]].
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Analgesic]]
+* [[Antipyretic]]
+* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]
+* [[Prostaglandin]]
 [[Category:Analgesics]]
 [[Category:Antipyretics]]
-[[Category:Pharmaceuticals]]
+[[Category:Pyrazolones]]
-{{stub}}