Cytokine release syndrome: Difference between revisions
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== | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[ | | name = Cytokine release syndrome | ||
| image = [[File:Manifestations_cliniques_et_biologiques_du_syndrome_de_libération_des_cytokines.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Clinical and biological manifestations of cytokine release syndrome | |||
| field = [[Immunology]] | |||
| synonyms = CRS | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[fatigue]], [[headache]], [[rash]], [[arthralgia]], [[myalgia]], [[hypotension]], [[tachycardia]], [[dyspnea]], [[hypoxia]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[coagulopathy]], [[organ dysfunction]] | |||
| complications = [[Macrophage activation syndrome]], [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]] | |||
| onset = Hours to days after treatment | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Immunotherapy]], [[monoclonal antibodies]], [[CAR T-cell therapy]] | |||
| risks = High tumor burden, high intensity of therapy | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, laboratory tests | |||
| differential = [[Sepsis]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[tumor lysis syndrome]] | |||
| prevention = Pre-medication with [[corticosteroids]], [[antihistamines]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[tocilizumab]], supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in patients receiving certain immunotherapies | |||
}} | |||
'''Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)''' is a significant medical condition that can occur after the therapeutic infusion of antibodies. It is characterized by a set of symptoms resulting from the rapid release of cytokines by cells targeted by these antibodies. | '''Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)''' is a significant medical condition that can occur after the therapeutic infusion of antibodies. It is characterized by a set of symptoms resulting from the rapid release of cytokines by cells targeted by these antibodies. | ||
==Definition and Symptoms== | ==Definition and Symptoms== | ||
CRS is a systemic inflammatory response marked by the release of a large number of cytokines. Common symptoms include nausea, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, and shortness of breath. | CRS is a systemic inflammatory response marked by the release of a large number of cytokines. Common symptoms include nausea, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, and shortness of breath. | ||
==Causes and Pathophysiology== | ==Causes and Pathophysiology== | ||
CRS is often triggered by immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involve the infusion of antibodies. The antibodies target specific cells, leading to their activation and the subsequent release of cytokines. | CRS is often triggered by immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involve the infusion of antibodies. The antibodies target specific cells, leading to their activation and the subsequent release of cytokines. | ||
==Severity and Risks== | ==Severity and Risks== | ||
While most patients experience mild to moderate symptoms, CRS can sometimes escalate to severe and life-threatening levels. The severity depends on various factors, including the type of immunotherapy and the patient's overall health. | While most patients experience mild to moderate symptoms, CRS can sometimes escalate to severe and life-threatening levels. The severity depends on various factors, including the type of immunotherapy and the patient's overall health. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of CRS is primarily based on clinical symptoms and the timing of their appearance after antibody therapy. Laboratory tests can support the diagnosis by showing elevated levels of cytokines. | Diagnosis of CRS is primarily based on clinical symptoms and the timing of their appearance after antibody therapy. Laboratory tests can support the diagnosis by showing elevated levels of cytokines. | ||
==Treatment and Management== | ==Treatment and Management== | ||
Treatment of CRS is tailored to the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases may require symptomatic treatment, while severe cases might necessitate hospitalization and administration of corticosteroids or tocilizumab, a medication that blocks the cytokine interleukin-6. | Treatment of CRS is tailored to the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases may require symptomatic treatment, while severe cases might necessitate hospitalization and administration of corticosteroids or tocilizumab, a medication that blocks the cytokine interleukin-6. | ||
==Prevention Strategies== | ==Prevention Strategies== | ||
Preventive strategies in high-risk patients include dose modifications and premedication. Ongoing research aims to develop approaches to mitigate CRS while preserving the efficacy of antibody therapies. | Preventive strategies in high-risk patients include dose modifications and premedication. Ongoing research aims to develop approaches to mitigate CRS while preserving the efficacy of antibody therapies. | ||
==Implications in Cancer Therapy== | ==Implications in Cancer Therapy== | ||
CRS is particularly relevant in the context of cancer therapy, where novel treatments like CAR T-cell therapy have shown promising results but also carry the risk of CRS. | CRS is particularly relevant in the context of cancer therapy, where novel treatments like CAR T-cell therapy have shown promising results but also carry the risk of CRS. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy]] | * [[Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy]] | ||
* [[Immunotherapy]] | * [[Immunotherapy]] | ||
* [[Cytokines]] | * [[Cytokines]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:19, 27 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Cytokine release syndrome | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | CRS |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, fatigue, headache, rash, arthralgia, myalgia, hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnea, hypoxia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coagulopathy, organ dysfunction |
| Complications | Macrophage activation syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| Onset | Hours to days after treatment |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, CAR T-cell therapy |
| Risks | High tumor burden, high intensity of therapy |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, laboratory tests |
| Differential diagnosis | Sepsis, anaphylaxis, tumor lysis syndrome |
| Prevention | Pre-medication with corticosteroids, antihistamines |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, tocilizumab, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in patients receiving certain immunotherapies |
| Deaths | N/A |
Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is a significant medical condition that can occur after the therapeutic infusion of antibodies. It is characterized by a set of symptoms resulting from the rapid release of cytokines by cells targeted by these antibodies.
Definition and Symptoms[edit]
CRS is a systemic inflammatory response marked by the release of a large number of cytokines. Common symptoms include nausea, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, and shortness of breath.
Causes and Pathophysiology[edit]
CRS is often triggered by immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involve the infusion of antibodies. The antibodies target specific cells, leading to their activation and the subsequent release of cytokines.
Severity and Risks[edit]
While most patients experience mild to moderate symptoms, CRS can sometimes escalate to severe and life-threatening levels. The severity depends on various factors, including the type of immunotherapy and the patient's overall health.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of CRS is primarily based on clinical symptoms and the timing of their appearance after antibody therapy. Laboratory tests can support the diagnosis by showing elevated levels of cytokines.
Treatment and Management[edit]
Treatment of CRS is tailored to the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases may require symptomatic treatment, while severe cases might necessitate hospitalization and administration of corticosteroids or tocilizumab, a medication that blocks the cytokine interleukin-6.
Prevention Strategies[edit]
Preventive strategies in high-risk patients include dose modifications and premedication. Ongoing research aims to develop approaches to mitigate CRS while preserving the efficacy of antibody therapies.
Implications in Cancer Therapy[edit]
CRS is particularly relevant in the context of cancer therapy, where novel treatments like CAR T-cell therapy have shown promising results but also carry the risk of CRS.
