Panic disorder: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Panic disorder | |||
| image = [[File:Panic_attack.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = A person experiencing a panic attack | |||
| field = [[Psychiatry]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Palpitations]], [[sweating]], [[trembling]], [[shortness of breath]], [[nausea]], [[dizziness]], [[fear of losing control]], [[fear of dying]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic condition|Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[stress]], [[trauma]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[substance abuse]], [[major life stress]] | |||
| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical assessment]] and [[DSM-5]] criteria | |||
| differential = [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]], [[substance-induced anxiety disorder]] | |||
| treatment = [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[medication]] ([[SSRIs]], [[benzodiazepines]]) | |||
| prognosis = Variable; can be managed with treatment | |||
| frequency = Affects about 2-3% of the population | |||
}} | |||
'''Panic disorder''' is a type of [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety disorder]] characterized by sudden and recurrent bouts of intense fear, known as panic attacks, that can be seemingly triggered without an identifiable cause. | '''Panic disorder''' is a type of [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety disorder]] characterized by sudden and recurrent bouts of intense fear, known as panic attacks, that can be seemingly triggered without an identifiable cause. | ||
== Introduction == | |||
== | |||
Individuals with panic disorder experience abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. These episodes, referred to as panic attacks, can happen at any time, often without a clear trigger, leading to worry about their recurrence. | Individuals with panic disorder experience abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. These episodes, referred to as panic attacks, can happen at any time, often without a clear trigger, leading to worry about their recurrence. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
*Symptoms of a panic attack typically involve intense fear and at least four or more of the following: | *Symptoms of a panic attack typically involve intense fear and at least four or more of the following: | ||
| Line 18: | Line 33: | ||
*Numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesia) | *Numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesia) | ||
*Chills or hot flashes | *Chills or hot flashes | ||
== Causes and Risk Factors == | == Causes and Risk Factors == | ||
The exact cause of panic disorder is unclear, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include a family history of anxiety disorders, major life stressors, certain changes in brain function, and temperament. | The exact cause of panic disorder is unclear, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include a family history of anxiety disorders, major life stressors, certain changes in brain function, and temperament. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes a medical examination, personal and family medical history, and psychological evaluation. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM-5]] criteria are often used to diagnose panic disorder. | Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes a medical examination, personal and family medical history, and psychological evaluation. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM-5]] criteria are often used to diagnose panic disorder. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment typically involves a combination of [[Psychotherapy|psychotherapy]] (particularly [[Cognitive Behavioral Therapy|cognitive-behavioral therapy]] (CBT)) and medication. Medications such as [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors|SSRIs]], [[Benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]], and [[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors|SNRIs]] may be used. | Treatment typically involves a combination of [[Psychotherapy|psychotherapy]] (particularly [[Cognitive Behavioral Therapy|cognitive-behavioral therapy]] (CBT)) and medication. Medications such as [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors|SSRIs]], [[Benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]], and [[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors|SNRIs]] may be used. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
With proper treatment, most people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives. However, panic disorder is a chronic condition that may ebb and flow over time. | With proper treatment, most people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives. However, panic disorder is a chronic condition that may ebb and flow over time. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
Latest revision as of 12:33, 12 April 2025
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| Panic disorder | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, fear of losing control, fear of dying |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic predisposition, stress, trauma |
| Risks | Family history, substance abuse, major life stress |
| Diagnosis | Based on clinical assessment and DSM-5 criteria |
| Differential diagnosis | Hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmia, substance-induced anxiety disorder |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Cognitive behavioral therapy, medication (SSRIs, benzodiazepines) |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable; can be managed with treatment |
| Frequency | Affects about 2-3% of the population |
| Deaths | N/A |
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and recurrent bouts of intense fear, known as panic attacks, that can be seemingly triggered without an identifiable cause.
Introduction[edit]
Individuals with panic disorder experience abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. These episodes, referred to as panic attacks, can happen at any time, often without a clear trigger, leading to worry about their recurrence.
Symptoms[edit]
- Symptoms of a panic attack typically involve intense fear and at least four or more of the following:
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
- Feelings of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
- Fear of losing control or going insane
- Fear of dying
- Numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesia)
- Chills or hot flashes
Causes and Risk Factors[edit]
The exact cause of panic disorder is unclear, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include a family history of anxiety disorders, major life stressors, certain changes in brain function, and temperament.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes a medical examination, personal and family medical history, and psychological evaluation. The DSM-5 criteria are often used to diagnose panic disorder.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)) and medication. Medications such as SSRIs, benzodiazepines, and SNRIs may be used.
Prognosis[edit]
With proper treatment, most people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives. However, panic disorder is a chronic condition that may ebb and flow over time.
References[edit]
<references>
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Bandelow B, Michaelis S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):327-335.
- Saeed SA, Bloch RM, Antonacci DJ. Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 15;76(4):549-56.
</references>
