Irvine–Gass syndrome: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Irvine-Gass_syndrome_.png| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Irvine–Gass syndrome | |||
| image = [[File:Irvine-Gass_syndrome_.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = Optical coherence tomography image showing cystoid macular edema in Irvine–Gass syndrome | |||
| synonyms = Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = Blurred vision, decreased visual acuity | |||
| complications = [[Macular edema]], [[vision loss]] | |||
| onset = Typically occurs weeks to months after [[cataract surgery]] | |||
| duration = Can be transient or chronic | |||
| causes = Inflammatory response following cataract surgery | |||
| risks = Previous eye surgery, [[diabetes mellitus]], [[uveitis]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Optical coherence tomography]], [[fluorescein angiography]] | |||
| differential = [[Diabetic macular edema]], [[retinal vein occlusion]] | |||
| treatment = [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], [[corticosteroids]], [[anti-VEGF therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment, but may lead to chronic edema if untreated | |||
| frequency = Occurs in 1-2% of cataract surgeries | |||
}} | |||
'''Irvine–Gass syndrome''', also known as '''pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME)''', is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula, leading to swelling and impaired vision. This syndrome typically occurs after [[cataract surgery]] and is one of the most common causes of decreased vision following the procedure. | '''Irvine–Gass syndrome''', also known as '''pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME)''', is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula, leading to swelling and impaired vision. This syndrome typically occurs after [[cataract surgery]] and is one of the most common causes of decreased vision following the procedure. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The exact mechanism of Irvine–Gass syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve inflammation and the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. This leads to the leakage of fluid into the macula, resulting in cystoid macular edema. Inflammatory mediators such as [[prostaglandins]] and [[cytokines]] are thought to play a significant role in this process. | The exact mechanism of Irvine–Gass syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve inflammation and the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. This leads to the leakage of fluid into the macula, resulting in cystoid macular edema. Inflammatory mediators such as [[prostaglandins]] and [[cytokines]] are thought to play a significant role in this process. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Patients with Irvine–Gass syndrome may experience: | Patients with Irvine–Gass syndrome may experience: | ||
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* Distorted vision (metamorphopsia) | * Distorted vision (metamorphopsia) | ||
* Difficulty reading or recognizing faces | * Difficulty reading or recognizing faces | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of Irvine–Gass syndrome is typically made through clinical examination and imaging studies. Key diagnostic tools include: | Diagnosis of Irvine–Gass syndrome is typically made through clinical examination and imaging studies. Key diagnostic tools include: | ||
* [[Optical coherence tomography (OCT)]] | * [[Optical coherence tomography (OCT)]] | ||
* [[Fluorescein angiography]] | * [[Fluorescein angiography]] | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options for Irvine–Gass syndrome may include: | Treatment options for Irvine–Gass syndrome may include: | ||
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* Topical corticosteroids | * Topical corticosteroids | ||
* Intravitreal injections of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF agents | * Intravitreal injections of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF agents | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with Irvine–Gass syndrome is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Most patients experience significant improvement in vision with treatment, although some may have persistent visual impairment. | The prognosis for patients with Irvine–Gass syndrome is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Most patients experience significant improvement in vision with treatment, although some may have persistent visual impairment. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures may include the use of prophylactic NSAIDs or corticosteroids in patients undergoing cataract surgery, particularly those at higher risk for developing Irvine–Gass syndrome. | Preventive measures may include the use of prophylactic NSAIDs or corticosteroids in patients undergoing cataract surgery, particularly those at higher risk for developing Irvine–Gass syndrome. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Cataract surgery]] | * [[Cataract surgery]] | ||
* [[Macular edema]] | * [[Macular edema]] | ||
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* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] | * [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] | ||
* [[Corticosteroid]] | * [[Corticosteroid]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
{{Ophthalmology-stub}} | {{Ophthalmology-stub}} | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:49, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Irvine–Gass syndrome | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Blurred vision, decreased visual acuity |
| Complications | Macular edema, vision loss |
| Onset | Typically occurs weeks to months after cataract surgery |
| Duration | Can be transient or chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Inflammatory response following cataract surgery |
| Risks | Previous eye surgery, diabetes mellitus, uveitis |
| Diagnosis | Optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography |
| Differential diagnosis | Diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, anti-VEGF therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, but may lead to chronic edema if untreated |
| Frequency | Occurs in 1-2% of cataract surgeries |
| Deaths | N/A |
Irvine–Gass syndrome, also known as pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula, leading to swelling and impaired vision. This syndrome typically occurs after cataract surgery and is one of the most common causes of decreased vision following the procedure.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The exact mechanism of Irvine–Gass syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve inflammation and the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. This leads to the leakage of fluid into the macula, resulting in cystoid macular edema. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines are thought to play a significant role in this process.
Symptoms[edit]
Patients with Irvine–Gass syndrome may experience:
- Blurred or decreased central vision
- Distorted vision (metamorphopsia)
- Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of Irvine–Gass syndrome is typically made through clinical examination and imaging studies. Key diagnostic tools include:
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for Irvine–Gass syndrome may include:
- Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Topical corticosteroids
- Intravitreal injections of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF agents
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with Irvine–Gass syndrome is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Most patients experience significant improvement in vision with treatment, although some may have persistent visual impairment.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures may include the use of prophylactic NSAIDs or corticosteroids in patients undergoing cataract surgery, particularly those at higher risk for developing Irvine–Gass syndrome.
See also[edit]
- Cataract surgery
- Macular edema
- Optical coherence tomography
- Fluorescein angiography
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Corticosteroid
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