Rhinosporidiosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox | {{SI}} | ||
| name = Rhinosporidiosis | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| image = [[File:Rhinosporidiosis.jpg|thumb| | | name = Rhinosporidiosis | ||
| caption = Rhinosporidiosis affecting the nasal cavity | | image = [[File:Rhinosporidiosis.jpg|left|thumb|Rhinosporidiosis affecting the nasal cavity]] | ||
| field = Infectious disease | | caption = Rhinosporidiosis affecting the nasal cavity | ||
| symptoms = Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, nasal mass | | field = [[Infectious disease]] | ||
| complications = Secondary bacterial infection | | symptoms = [[Nasal obstruction]], [[epistaxis]], [[nasal discharge]], [[conjunctival mass]] | ||
| causes = | | complications = [[Secondary bacterial infection]], [[nasal deformity]] | ||
| diagnosis = | | onset = Gradual | ||
| treatment = Surgical excision | | duration = Chronic | ||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | | causes = [[Rhinosporidium seeberi]] | ||
| frequency = Rare | | risks = Exposure to stagnant water, [[swimming]] in contaminated water | ||
| diagnosis = [[Histopathology]], [[microscopy]] | |||
| differential = [[Nasal polyp]], [[inverted papilloma]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of contaminated water | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical excision]], [[dapsone]] | |||
| medication = [[Dapsone]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = Rare | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Rhinosporidiosis''' is a chronic [[infectious disease]] caused by the aquatic protistan parasite ''[[Rhinosporidium seeberi]]''. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the [[nasal cavity]], but can also involve the [[conjunctiva]], [[larynx]], [[urethra]], and [[skin]]. The disease is characterized by the formation of polyps or masses that can cause obstruction and bleeding. | '''Rhinosporidiosis''' is a chronic [[infectious disease]] caused by the aquatic protistan parasite ''[[Rhinosporidium seeberi]]''. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the [[nasal cavity]], but can also involve the [[conjunctiva]], [[larynx]], [[urethra]], and [[skin]]. The disease is characterized by the formation of polyps or masses that can cause obstruction and bleeding. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Rhinosporidiosis is caused by ''Rhinosporidium seeberi'', an organism that was historically classified as a [[fungus]], but is now considered a member of the class [[Mesomycetozoea]], a group of aquatic protistan parasites. The exact mode of transmission is not fully understood, but it is believed to occur through contact with contaminated water, as the organism is found in stagnant water bodies. | Rhinosporidiosis is caused by ''Rhinosporidium seeberi'', an organism that was historically classified as a [[fungus]], but is now considered a member of the class [[Mesomycetozoea]], a group of aquatic protistan parasites. The exact mode of transmission is not fully understood, but it is believed to occur through contact with contaminated water, as the organism is found in stagnant water bodies. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
The most common presentation of rhinosporidiosis is a nasal mass, which can lead to symptoms such as nasal obstruction, [[epistaxis]] (nosebleeds), and rhinorrhea. The masses are typically polypoid and friable, with a characteristic strawberry-like appearance due to the presence of sporangia filled with endospores. | The most common presentation of rhinosporidiosis is a nasal mass, which can lead to symptoms such as nasal obstruction, [[epistaxis]] (nosebleeds), and rhinorrhea. The masses are typically polypoid and friable, with a characteristic strawberry-like appearance due to the presence of sporangia filled with endospores. | ||
In addition to nasal involvement, rhinosporidiosis can affect other mucosal sites, leading to symptoms such as: | In addition to nasal involvement, rhinosporidiosis can affect other mucosal sites, leading to symptoms such as: | ||
* Conjunctival rhinosporidiosis: Redness, irritation, and a mass in the eye. | * Conjunctival rhinosporidiosis: Redness, irritation, and a mass in the eye. | ||
* Laryngeal rhinosporidiosis: Hoarseness and difficulty breathing. | * Laryngeal rhinosporidiosis: Hoarseness and difficulty breathing. | ||
* Cutaneous rhinosporidiosis: Nodular lesions on the skin. | * Cutaneous rhinosporidiosis: Nodular lesions on the skin. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is primarily clinical, supported by histopathological examination of the excised tissue. The presence of large sporangia containing numerous endospores is pathognomonic. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) techniques can also be used for confirmation. | Diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is primarily clinical, supported by histopathological examination of the excised tissue. The presence of large sporangia containing numerous endospores is pathognomonic. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) techniques can also be used for confirmation. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The mainstay of treatment for rhinosporidiosis is surgical excision of the lesions. Complete removal is necessary to prevent recurrence. Adjunctive therapies, such as [[dapsone]], have been used to reduce recurrence rates, although their efficacy is not well established. | The mainstay of treatment for rhinosporidiosis is surgical excision of the lesions. Complete removal is necessary to prevent recurrence. Adjunctive therapies, such as [[dapsone]], have been used to reduce recurrence rates, although their efficacy is not well established. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for rhinosporidiosis is generally good. However, recurrence is common if the lesions are not completely excised. | With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for rhinosporidiosis is generally good. However, recurrence is common if the lesions are not completely excised. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in certain regions, particularly in [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. It is considered a rare disease in other parts of the world. | Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in certain regions, particularly in [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. It is considered a rare disease in other parts of the world. | ||
==Also see== | ==Also see== | ||
* [[Infectious disease]] | * [[Infectious disease]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
* [[Mesomycetozoea]] | * [[Mesomycetozoea]] | ||
* [[Epistaxis]] | * [[Epistaxis]] | ||
{{Infectious diseases}} | {{Infectious diseases}} | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | [[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:10, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Rhinosporidiosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, nasal discharge, conjunctival mass |
| Complications | Secondary bacterial infection, nasal deformity |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Rhinosporidium seeberi |
| Risks | Exposure to stagnant water, swimming in contaminated water |
| Diagnosis | Histopathology, microscopy |
| Differential diagnosis | Nasal polyp, inverted papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma |
| Prevention | Avoidance of contaminated water |
| Treatment | Surgical excision, dapsone |
| Medication | Dapsone |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | Rare |
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the aquatic protistan parasite Rhinosporidium seeberi. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, but can also involve the conjunctiva, larynx, urethra, and skin. The disease is characterized by the formation of polyps or masses that can cause obstruction and bleeding.
Etiology[edit]
Rhinosporidiosis is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an organism that was historically classified as a fungus, but is now considered a member of the class Mesomycetozoea, a group of aquatic protistan parasites. The exact mode of transmission is not fully understood, but it is believed to occur through contact with contaminated water, as the organism is found in stagnant water bodies.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
The most common presentation of rhinosporidiosis is a nasal mass, which can lead to symptoms such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis (nosebleeds), and rhinorrhea. The masses are typically polypoid and friable, with a characteristic strawberry-like appearance due to the presence of sporangia filled with endospores. In addition to nasal involvement, rhinosporidiosis can affect other mucosal sites, leading to symptoms such as:
- Conjunctival rhinosporidiosis: Redness, irritation, and a mass in the eye.
- Laryngeal rhinosporidiosis: Hoarseness and difficulty breathing.
- Cutaneous rhinosporidiosis: Nodular lesions on the skin.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is primarily clinical, supported by histopathological examination of the excised tissue. The presence of large sporangia containing numerous endospores is pathognomonic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques can also be used for confirmation.
Treatment[edit]
The mainstay of treatment for rhinosporidiosis is surgical excision of the lesions. Complete removal is necessary to prevent recurrence. Adjunctive therapies, such as dapsone, have been used to reduce recurrence rates, although their efficacy is not well established.
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for rhinosporidiosis is generally good. However, recurrence is common if the lesions are not completely excised.
Epidemiology[edit]
Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in certain regions, particularly in India and Sri Lanka. It is considered a rare disease in other parts of the world.
Also see[edit]
| Infectious diseases | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This infectious diseases related article is a stub.
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