Hemolytic anemia: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Modified_sickle_cell_01.jpg| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hemolytic anemia | |||
| image = [[File:Modified_sickle_cell_01.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Blood smear showing sickle cells, which are characteristic of sickle cell anemia, a type of hemolytic anemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[pallor]], [[shortness of breath]], [[jaundice]], [[dark urine]], [[splenomegaly]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[arrhythmia]], [[gallstones]], [[leg ulcers]] | |||
| onset = Can be sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Varies depending on cause | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune disease]], [[genetic disorders]], [[infections]], [[medications]], [[toxins]] | |||
| risks = Family history, certain infections, autoimmune conditions | |||
| diagnosis = [[Complete blood count]], [[reticulocyte count]], [[Coombs test]], [[bilirubin]] levels | |||
| differential = [[Anemia of chronic disease]], [[iron deficiency anemia]], [[thalassemia]] | |||
| treatment = Depends on cause; may include [[corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppressants]], [[blood transfusion]], [[splenectomy]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies; some forms are chronic, others can be cured | |||
| frequency = Varies by type; some forms are rare, others more common | |||
}} | |||
'''Hemolytic anemia''' is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. This destruction of red blood cells is called [[hemolysis]]. Hemolytic anemia can be either [[intrinsic]] or [[extrinsic]]. | |||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
Hemolytic anemia can be classified into two main types: | Hemolytic anemia can be classified into two main types: | ||
* '''Intrinsic hemolytic anemia''': This type is usually inherited and occurs due to defects within the red blood cells themselves. Examples include [[sickle cell anemia]], [[thalassemia]], and [[hereditary spherocytosis]]. | * '''Intrinsic hemolytic anemia''': This type is usually inherited and occurs due to defects within the red blood cells themselves. Examples include [[sickle cell anemia]], [[thalassemia]], and [[hereditary spherocytosis]]. | ||
* '''Extrinsic hemolytic anemia''': This type is usually acquired and occurs due to external factors acting on the red blood cells. Examples include [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]], and [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]. | * '''Extrinsic hemolytic anemia''': This type is usually acquired and occurs due to external factors acting on the red blood cells. Examples include [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]], and [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The causes of hemolytic anemia can be diverse and include: | The causes of hemolytic anemia can be diverse and include: | ||
* [[Genetic disorders]] such as [[G6PD deficiency]] and [[pyruvate kinase deficiency]]. | * [[Genetic disorders]] such as [[G6PD deficiency]] and [[pyruvate kinase deficiency]]. | ||
* [[Autoimmune diseases]] where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells. | * [[Autoimmune diseases]] where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 29: | ||
* [[Medications]] and [[toxins]] that can damage red blood cells. | * [[Medications]] and [[toxins]] that can damage red blood cells. | ||
* [[Mechanical causes]] such as [[prosthetic heart valves]]. | * [[Mechanical causes]] such as [[prosthetic heart valves]]. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Common symptoms of hemolytic anemia include: | Common symptoms of hemolytic anemia include: | ||
* [[Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Pallor]] | * [[Pallor]] | ||
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* [[Dark urine]] | * [[Dark urine]] | ||
* [[Splenomegaly]] (enlarged spleen) | * [[Splenomegaly]] (enlarged spleen) | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of hemolytic anemia typically involves: | Diagnosis of hemolytic anemia typically involves: | ||
* [[Complete blood count]] (CBC) | * [[Complete blood count]] (CBC) | ||
* [[Reticulocyte count]] | * [[Reticulocyte count]] | ||
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* [[Haptoglobin]] levels | * [[Haptoglobin]] levels | ||
* [[Bilirubin]] levels | * [[Bilirubin]] levels | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include: | Treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include: | ||
* [[Corticosteroids]] for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | * [[Corticosteroids]] for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | ||
* [[Blood transfusions]] for severe anemia. | * [[Blood transfusions]] for severe anemia. | ||
| Line 45: | Line 53: | ||
* [[Splenectomy]] in cases of hereditary spherocytosis. | * [[Splenectomy]] in cases of hereditary spherocytosis. | ||
* [[Immunosuppressive therapy]]. | * [[Immunosuppressive therapy]]. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of hemolytic anemia varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can manage their symptoms and lead normal lives. | The prognosis of hemolytic anemia varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can manage their symptoms and lead normal lives. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
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* [[Bone marrow]] | * [[Bone marrow]] | ||
* [[Immune system]] | * [[Immune system]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Hemolytic anemia}} | {{Commons category|Hemolytic anemia}} | ||
[[Category:Anemia]] | [[Category:Anemia]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
| Line 67: | Line 70: | ||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Blood disorders]] | [[Category:Blood disorders]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:23, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hemolytic anemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, jaundice, dark urine, splenomegaly |
| Complications | Heart failure, arrhythmia, gallstones, leg ulcers |
| Onset | Can be sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Varies depending on cause |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Autoimmune disease, genetic disorders, infections, medications, toxins |
| Risks | Family history, certain infections, autoimmune conditions |
| Diagnosis | Complete blood count, reticulocyte count, Coombs test, bilirubin levels |
| Differential diagnosis | Anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Depends on cause; may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, blood transfusion, splenectomy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies; some forms are chronic, others can be cured |
| Frequency | Varies by type; some forms are rare, others more common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Hemolytic anemia can be either intrinsic or extrinsic.
Types[edit]
Hemolytic anemia can be classified into two main types:
- Intrinsic hemolytic anemia: This type is usually inherited and occurs due to defects within the red blood cells themselves. Examples include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and hereditary spherocytosis.
- Extrinsic hemolytic anemia: This type is usually acquired and occurs due to external factors acting on the red blood cells. Examples include autoimmune hemolytic anemia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Causes[edit]
The causes of hemolytic anemia can be diverse and include:
- Genetic disorders such as G6PD deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency.
- Autoimmune diseases where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells.
- Infections such as malaria.
- Medications and toxins that can damage red blood cells.
- Mechanical causes such as prosthetic heart valves.
Symptoms[edit]
Common symptoms of hemolytic anemia include:
- Fatigue
- Pallor
- Shortness of breath
- Jaundice
- Dark urine
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of hemolytic anemia typically involves:
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Reticulocyte count
- Peripheral blood smear
- Coombs test
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels
- Haptoglobin levels
- Bilirubin levels
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Corticosteroids for autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
- Blood transfusions for severe anemia.
- Folic acid supplements.
- Splenectomy in cases of hereditary spherocytosis.
- Immunosuppressive therapy.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of hemolytic anemia varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can manage their symptoms and lead normal lives.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
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