Hashimoto's encephalopathy: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hashimoto's encephalopathy | |||
| image = [[File:Affective_psychosis,_Hashimoto's_thyroiditis,_and_brain_perfusion_abnormalities.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Brain perfusion abnormalities in a patient with Hashimoto's encephalopathy | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Cognitive impairment]], [[seizures]], [[psychosis]], [[myoclonus]], [[ataxia]], [[headache]] | |||
| onset = Typically [[middle age]] | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune disorder]] associated with [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] | |||
| risks = [[Thyroid autoimmunity]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[thyroid function tests]], [[antithyroid antibodies]] | |||
| differential = [[Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]], [[encephalitis]], [[stroke]], [[dementia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Hashimoto's encephalopathy''' is a rare, autoimmune condition that involves the brain and is associated with [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]. It is also known as '''steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis''' (SREAT). | '''Hashimoto's encephalopathy''' is a rare, autoimmune condition that involves the brain and is associated with [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]. It is also known as '''steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis''' (SREAT). | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of Hashimoto's encephalopathy can vary widely and may include confusion, drowsiness, seizures, hallucinations, stroke-like episodes, and memory loss. Some people may have mild symptoms, while others may have severe symptoms. The symptoms can also come and go. | The symptoms of Hashimoto's encephalopathy can vary widely and may include confusion, drowsiness, seizures, hallucinations, stroke-like episodes, and memory loss. Some people may have mild symptoms, while others may have severe symptoms. The symptoms can also come and go. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The exact cause of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is unknown. It is thought to be related to the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. However, the antibodies are also present in people who do not have Hashimoto's encephalopathy, so it is unclear why some people develop the condition and others do not. | The exact cause of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is unknown. It is thought to be related to the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. However, the antibodies are also present in people who do not have Hashimoto's encephalopathy, so it is unclear why some people develop the condition and others do not. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is often difficult because the symptoms can be similar to those of many other neurological conditions. The diagnosis is usually made based on the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies and response to steroid treatment. | Diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is often difficult because the symptoms can be similar to those of many other neurological conditions. The diagnosis is usually made based on the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies and response to steroid treatment. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for Hashimoto's encephalopathy typically involves high-dose corticosteroids. Other treatments may include other immunosuppressive drugs, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin. | Treatment for Hashimoto's encephalopathy typically involves high-dose corticosteroids. Other treatments may include other immunosuppressive drugs, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for people with Hashimoto's encephalopathy varies. Some people may recover completely with treatment, while others may have persistent symptoms or relapses. | The prognosis for people with Hashimoto's encephalopathy varies. Some people may recover completely with treatment, while others may have persistent symptoms or relapses. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
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* [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] | * [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] | ||
* [[Thyroid disease]] | * [[Thyroid disease]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15804215 Hashimoto's encephalopathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment] at PubMed | * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15804215 Hashimoto's encephalopathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment] at PubMed | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | [[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:21, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hashimoto's encephalopathy | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cognitive impairment, seizures, psychosis, myoclonus, ataxia, headache |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically middle age |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Autoimmune disorder associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
| Risks | Thyroid autoimmunity |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, thyroid function tests, antithyroid antibodies |
| Differential diagnosis | Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, encephalitis, stroke, dementia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare, autoimmune condition that involves the brain and is associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is also known as steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT).
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of Hashimoto's encephalopathy can vary widely and may include confusion, drowsiness, seizures, hallucinations, stroke-like episodes, and memory loss. Some people may have mild symptoms, while others may have severe symptoms. The symptoms can also come and go.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is unknown. It is thought to be related to the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. However, the antibodies are also present in people who do not have Hashimoto's encephalopathy, so it is unclear why some people develop the condition and others do not.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is often difficult because the symptoms can be similar to those of many other neurological conditions. The diagnosis is usually made based on the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies and response to steroid treatment.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for Hashimoto's encephalopathy typically involves high-dose corticosteroids. Other treatments may include other immunosuppressive drugs, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for people with Hashimoto's encephalopathy varies. Some people may recover completely with treatment, while others may have persistent symptoms or relapses.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references />
