Calculus (medicine): Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Calculus (medicine) | |||
| image = [[File:Nefrolit.jpg|left|thumb|A kidney stone]] | |||
| caption = A kidney stone | |||
| field = [[Urology]], [[Nephrology]] | |||
| synonyms = [[Stone (medical condition)|Stone]], [[Lithiasis]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Pain]], [[Hematuria]], [[Nausea]], [[Vomiting]] | |||
| complications = [[Obstruction]], [[Infection]], [[Renal failure]] | |||
| onset = Variable | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Dehydration]], [[Dietary factors]], [[Genetic predisposition]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[Certain medications]], [[Obesity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Imaging studies]], [[Urinalysis]] | |||
| differential = [[Appendicitis]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Gallstones]] | |||
| prevention = [[Hydration]], [[Dietary modification]] | |||
| treatment = [[Pain management]], [[Lithotripsy]], [[Surgical removal]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A medical condition involving calcified deposits in the body}} | {{Short description|A medical condition involving calcified deposits in the body}} | ||
'''Calculus''' in medicine refers to a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. These calcified deposits can cause a variety of medical conditions depending on their location and size. | '''Calculus''' in medicine refers to a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. These calcified deposits can cause a variety of medical conditions depending on their location and size. | ||
==Formation== | ==Formation== | ||
Calculi form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up urine or other bodily fluids. This can lead to the crystallization of minerals, which then aggregate to form stones. Common sites for calculus formation include the [[kidney]], [[gallbladder]], and [[urinary bladder]]. | Calculi form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up urine or other bodily fluids. This can lead to the crystallization of minerals, which then aggregate to form stones. Common sites for calculus formation include the [[kidney]], [[gallbladder]], and [[urinary bladder]]. | ||
==Types of Calculi== | ==Types of Calculi== | ||
===Renal Calculi=== | ===Renal Calculi=== | ||
[[File:Gould_Pyle_225.jpg|thumb | [[File:Gould_Pyle_225.jpg|left|thumb|Illustration of renal calculi]] | ||
Renal calculi, commonly known as [[kidney stones]], are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can cause severe pain, nausea, and vomiting when they move into the ureter. | Renal calculi, commonly known as [[kidney stones]], are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can cause severe pain, nausea, and vomiting when they move into the ureter. | ||
===Gallstones=== | ===Gallstones=== | ||
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the [[gallbladder]]. They can vary in size and may cause pain, inflammation, or infection if they block a bile duct. | Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the [[gallbladder]]. They can vary in size and may cause pain, inflammation, or infection if they block a bile duct. | ||
===Bladder Stones=== | ===Bladder Stones=== | ||
Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in the bladder. They can develop when the bladder is not completely emptied, leading to urine crystallization. | Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in the bladder. They can develop when the bladder is not completely emptied, leading to urine crystallization. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of calculi depend on their location and size. Common symptoms include: | The symptoms of calculi depend on their location and size. Common symptoms include: | ||
| Line 25: | Line 38: | ||
* Hematuria (blood in urine) | * Hematuria (blood in urine) | ||
* Fever and chills (if infection is present) | * Fever and chills (if infection is present) | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of calculi typically involves imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], or [[X-ray]]. These tests help determine the size, location, and composition of the stones. | Diagnosis of calculi typically involves imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], or [[X-ray]]. These tests help determine the size, location, and composition of the stones. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options vary depending on the type and size of the calculus. They may include: | Treatment options vary depending on the type and size of the calculus. They may include: | ||
| Line 35: | Line 46: | ||
* Medications to dissolve the stones | * Medications to dissolve the stones | ||
* Surgical procedures such as [[lithotripsy]] or [[endoscopic removal]] | * Surgical procedures such as [[lithotripsy]] or [[endoscopic removal]] | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures include maintaining adequate hydration, dietary modifications, and medications to prevent stone formation in individuals with recurrent calculi. | Preventive measures include maintaining adequate hydration, dietary modifications, and medications to prevent stone formation in individuals with recurrent calculi. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Kidney stone disease]] | * [[Kidney stone disease]] | ||
* [[Cholelithiasis]] | * [[Cholelithiasis]] | ||
* [[Urolithiasis]] | * [[Urolithiasis]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:31, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Calculus (medicine) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Stone, Lithiasis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Pain, Hematuria, Nausea, Vomiting |
| Complications | Obstruction, Infection, Renal failure |
| Onset | Variable |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Dehydration, Dietary factors, Genetic predisposition |
| Risks | Family history, Certain medications, Obesity |
| Diagnosis | Imaging studies, Urinalysis |
| Differential diagnosis | Appendicitis, Diverticulitis, Gallstones |
| Prevention | Hydration, Dietary modification |
| Treatment | Pain management, Lithotripsy, Surgical removal |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
A medical condition involving calcified deposits in the body
Calculus in medicine refers to a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. These calcified deposits can cause a variety of medical conditions depending on their location and size.
Formation[edit]
Calculi form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up urine or other bodily fluids. This can lead to the crystallization of minerals, which then aggregate to form stones. Common sites for calculus formation include the kidney, gallbladder, and urinary bladder.
Types of Calculi[edit]
Renal Calculi[edit]
Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can cause severe pain, nausea, and vomiting when they move into the ureter.
Gallstones[edit]
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the gallbladder. They can vary in size and may cause pain, inflammation, or infection if they block a bile duct.
Bladder Stones[edit]
Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in the bladder. They can develop when the bladder is not completely emptied, leading to urine crystallization.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of calculi depend on their location and size. Common symptoms include:
- Severe pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hematuria (blood in urine)
- Fever and chills (if infection is present)
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of calculi typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray. These tests help determine the size, location, and composition of the stones.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options vary depending on the type and size of the calculus. They may include:
- Pain management
- Increased fluid intake
- Medications to dissolve the stones
- Surgical procedures such as lithotripsy or endoscopic removal
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include maintaining adequate hydration, dietary modifications, and medications to prevent stone formation in individuals with recurrent calculi.
