Ankylosis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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Ankylosis
Synonyms	Joint stiffness, joint fusion
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Joint pain, stiffness, limited range of motion
Complications	Joint deformity, loss of function
Onset	Varies, often gradual
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Arthritis, trauma, infection, surgery
Risks	Genetic predisposition, autoimmune disorders
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Arthritis, fibrosis, contracture
Prevention	Early treatment of underlying conditions
Treatment	Physical therapy, medication, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on cause and treatment
Frequency	Common in certain populations
Deaths	N/A

"= Ankylosis =

X-ray showing ankylosis of a joint.

Ankylosis refers to the abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones in a joint, which can result in loss of mobility and function. This condition can be due to various causes and can affect various joints in the body.

Ankylosis can occur in any joint of the body, and its severity can range from partial restriction of movement to complete immobility. The condition can result from injury, disease, or certain genetic conditions.

Causes

The main causes of ankylosis include:

• Inflammation: Chronic joint inflammation, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to ankylosis.
• Injury: Trauma to a joint, especially if not treated promptly, can lead to bone fusion.
• Infection: Joint infections, if left untreated, can result in joint fusion.
• Surgery: Post-operative complications can occasionally cause ankylosis.
• Congenital conditions: Some individuals might be born with a predisposition to develop ankylosis.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The main symptom of ankylosis is the reduced mobility or complete immobility of a joint. Other symptoms can include:

• Pain or discomfort
• Swelling or stiffness
• Visible deformity

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical examination
• Imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs
• Laboratory tests to rule out infections or other underlying conditions

MRI showing ankylosis in a knee joint.

Treatment

The choice of treatment for ankylosis depends on its cause, severity, and the specific joint affected. Some treatment options include:

• Physical therapy: To improve mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles.
• Medications: To treat pain and inflammation.
• Joint replacement surgery: In severe cases where the joint is entirely immobile.
• Joint fusion surgery: For joints where movement isn't critical, fusing the bones might be a solution.

Summary

Ankylosis is a serious medical condition that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent joint damage and maintain optimal joint function.

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