Paroxysmal dyskinesia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Paroxysmal dyskinesia | |||
| synonyms = Paroxysmal movement disorders | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Episodic [[involuntary movements]], [[dystonia]], [[chorea]], [[athetosis]] | |||
| onset = Varies by type | |||
| duration = Seconds to hours | |||
| types = [[Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia]], [[Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia]], [[Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia]] | |||
| causes = Genetic mutations, [[stress]], [[exercise]], [[caffeine]] | |||
| risks = Family history, specific genetic mutations | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Epilepsy]], [[migraine]], [[psychogenic movement disorders]] | |||
| treatment = [[Anticonvulsants]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[lifestyle modifications]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies; often manageable with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Paroxysmal dyskinesia''' is a group of rare neurological disorders that present as sudden, brief, involuntary movements. These movements can include a variety of symptoms such as spasms, jerking, and twisting. The term "paroxysmal" refers to the sudden onset and brief duration of symptoms, while "dyskinesia" refers to abnormal, uncontrolled movements. | '''Paroxysmal dyskinesia''' is a group of rare neurological disorders that present as sudden, brief, involuntary movements. These movements can include a variety of symptoms such as spasms, jerking, and twisting. The term "paroxysmal" refers to the sudden onset and brief duration of symptoms, while "dyskinesia" refers to abnormal, uncontrolled movements. | ||
==Types of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia== | ==Types of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia== | ||
There are three main types of paroxysmal dyskinesia: [[Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia|paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia]] (PKD), [[Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia|paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia]] (PNKD), and [[Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia|paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia]] (PED). | There are three main types of paroxysmal dyskinesia: [[Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia|paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia]] (PKD), [[Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia|paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia]] (PNKD), and [[Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia|paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia]] (PED). | ||
===Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia=== | ===Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia=== | ||
PKD is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesia. It is characterized by brief episodes of involuntary movement triggered by sudden voluntary movements or changes in movement. | PKD is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesia. It is characterized by brief episodes of involuntary movement triggered by sudden voluntary movements or changes in movement. | ||
===Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia=== | ===Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia=== | ||
PNKD is less common than PKD and is characterized by longer episodes of involuntary movement that are not triggered by voluntary movement. | PNKD is less common than PKD and is characterized by longer episodes of involuntary movement that are not triggered by voluntary movement. | ||
===Paroxysmal Exertion-Induced Dyskinesia=== | ===Paroxysmal Exertion-Induced Dyskinesia=== | ||
PED is a rare type of paroxysmal dyskinesia that is triggered by prolonged physical activity. | PED is a rare type of paroxysmal dyskinesia that is triggered by prolonged physical activity. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of paroxysmal dyskinesia is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the [[brain]]'s ability to regulate movement. Some cases have been linked to genetic mutations. | The exact cause of paroxysmal dyskinesia is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the [[brain]]'s ability to regulate movement. Some cases have been linked to genetic mutations. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of paroxysmal dyskinesia is based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. Additional tests such as [[MRI]] scans and [[genetic testing]] may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. | Diagnosis of paroxysmal dyskinesia is based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. Additional tests such as [[MRI]] scans and [[genetic testing]] may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for paroxysmal dyskinesia is aimed at managing symptoms and can include medications such as [[anticonvulsants]] and [[muscle relaxants]]. In some cases, surgery may be considered. | Treatment for paroxysmal dyskinesia is aimed at managing symptoms and can include medications such as [[anticonvulsants]] and [[muscle relaxants]]. In some cases, surgery may be considered. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Movement disorders]] | * [[Movement disorders]] | ||
* [[Dystonia]] | * [[Dystonia]] | ||
* [[Chorea]] | * [[Chorea]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Movement disorders]] | [[Category:Movement disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:30, 4 April 2025
| Paroxysmal dyskinesia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Paroxysmal movement disorders |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Episodic involuntary movements, dystonia, chorea, athetosis |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Varies by type |
| Duration | Seconds to hours |
| Types | Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia, Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, stress, exercise, caffeine |
| Risks | Family history, specific genetic mutations |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Epilepsy, migraine, psychogenic movement disorders |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, lifestyle modifications |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies; often manageable with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Paroxysmal dyskinesia is a group of rare neurological disorders that present as sudden, brief, involuntary movements. These movements can include a variety of symptoms such as spasms, jerking, and twisting. The term "paroxysmal" refers to the sudden onset and brief duration of symptoms, while "dyskinesia" refers to abnormal, uncontrolled movements.
Types of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia[edit]
There are three main types of paroxysmal dyskinesia: paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), and paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED).
Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia[edit]
PKD is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesia. It is characterized by brief episodes of involuntary movement triggered by sudden voluntary movements or changes in movement.
Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia[edit]
PNKD is less common than PKD and is characterized by longer episodes of involuntary movement that are not triggered by voluntary movement.
Paroxysmal Exertion-Induced Dyskinesia[edit]
PED is a rare type of paroxysmal dyskinesia that is triggered by prolonged physical activity.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of paroxysmal dyskinesia is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the brain's ability to regulate movement. Some cases have been linked to genetic mutations.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of paroxysmal dyskinesia is based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. Additional tests such as MRI scans and genetic testing may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for paroxysmal dyskinesia is aimed at managing symptoms and can include medications such as anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. In some cases, surgery may be considered.
