Arthus reaction: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Arthus reaction | |||
| synonyms = Localized immune complex hypersensitivity | |||
| field = [[Immunology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Edema]], [[erythema]], [[necrosis]] | |||
| complications = [[Tissue necrosis]], [[ulceration]] | |||
| onset = 4–12 hours after exposure | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on severity | |||
| causes = [[Immune complex]] deposition | |||
| risks = Repeated exposure to [[antigen]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[skin biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Serum sickness]], [[allergic reaction]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of known antigens | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[antihistamines]] | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Arthus Reaction''' | '''Arthus Reaction''' | ||
The '''Arthus reaction''' is a type of [[hypersensitivity]] reaction classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction. It is named after the French scientist [[Nicolas Maurice Arthus]], who first described it in 1903. The Arthus reaction is a localized response to the injection of an [[antigen]] into the skin of an individual who has high levels of circulating [[antibodies]] to that antigen. | The '''Arthus reaction''' is a type of [[hypersensitivity]] reaction classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction. It is named after the French scientist [[Nicolas Maurice Arthus]], who first described it in 1903. The Arthus reaction is a localized response to the injection of an [[antigen]] into the skin of an individual who has high levels of circulating [[antibodies]] to that antigen. | ||
==Mechanism== | ==Mechanism== | ||
The Arthus reaction is characterized by the formation of [[immune complex]]es in the walls of the local blood vessels. These immune complexes are formed by the binding of antibodies to the injected antigen. The immune complexes activate [[complement system|complement]], leading to the recruitment of [[inflammatory cells]], which cause damage to the local tissues. | The Arthus reaction is characterized by the formation of [[immune complex]]es in the walls of the local blood vessels. These immune complexes are formed by the binding of antibodies to the injected antigen. The immune complexes activate [[complement system|complement]], leading to the recruitment of [[inflammatory cells]], which cause damage to the local tissues. | ||
The reaction typically occurs 4 to 12 hours after the injection of the antigen and is characterized by severe pain, swelling, redness, and occasionally necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues. | The reaction typically occurs 4 to 12 hours after the injection of the antigen and is characterized by severe pain, swelling, redness, and occasionally necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues. | ||
==Clinical significance== | ==Clinical significance== | ||
The Arthus reaction is a model for many types of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. These include certain forms of [[glomerulonephritis]], [[vasculitis]], and [[rheumatoid arthritis]]. Understanding the Arthus reaction can therefore help in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. | The Arthus reaction is a model for many types of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. These include certain forms of [[glomerulonephritis]], [[vasculitis]], and [[rheumatoid arthritis]]. Understanding the Arthus reaction can therefore help in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Hypersensitivity]] | * [[Hypersensitivity]] | ||
* [[Immune complex]] | * [[Immune complex]] | ||
| Line 22: | Line 31: | ||
* [[Vasculitis]] | * [[Vasculitis]] | ||
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | * [[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Immunology]] | [[Category:Immunology]] | ||
[[Category:Medical terminology]] | [[Category:Medical terminology]] | ||
{{Immunology-stub}} | {{Immunology-stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | |||
Latest revision as of 22:43, 3 April 2025
| Arthus reaction | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Localized immune complex hypersensitivity |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Edema, erythema, necrosis |
| Complications | Tissue necrosis, ulceration |
| Onset | 4–12 hours after exposure |
| Duration | Variable, depending on severity |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Immune complex deposition |
| Risks | Repeated exposure to antigen |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, skin biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Serum sickness, allergic reaction |
| Prevention | Avoidance of known antigens |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, antihistamines |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Arthus Reaction
The Arthus reaction is a type of hypersensitivity reaction classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction. It is named after the French scientist Nicolas Maurice Arthus, who first described it in 1903. The Arthus reaction is a localized response to the injection of an antigen into the skin of an individual who has high levels of circulating antibodies to that antigen.
Mechanism[edit]
The Arthus reaction is characterized by the formation of immune complexes in the walls of the local blood vessels. These immune complexes are formed by the binding of antibodies to the injected antigen. The immune complexes activate complement, leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, which cause damage to the local tissues. The reaction typically occurs 4 to 12 hours after the injection of the antigen and is characterized by severe pain, swelling, redness, and occasionally necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues.
Clinical significance[edit]
The Arthus reaction is a model for many types of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. These include certain forms of glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding the Arthus reaction can therefore help in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases.
See also[edit]
- Hypersensitivity
- Immune complex
- Complement system
- Inflammation
- Glomerulonephritis
- Vasculitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
References[edit]
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
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