Isovaleric acid: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Isovaleric acid}} | ||
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[[File:Isovaleric_acid_structure.png|thumb|right|Structure of Isovaleric Acid]] | |||
'''Isovaleric acid''' is a branched-chain [[fatty acid]] with the chemical formula (CH₃)₂CHCH₂COOH. It is a colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in most organic solvents. Isovaleric acid is known for its pungent odor, which is often described as similar to that of [[sweaty feet]] or [[cheese]]. | |||
Isovaleric acid is a colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in | |||
== | ==Chemical Properties== | ||
Isovaleric acid | Isovaleric acid is a [[carboxylic acid]] and is classified as a short-chain [[fatty acid]]. It is a structural isomer of [[valeric acid]], differing in the branching of its carbon chain. The presence of a methyl group on the second carbon atom gives isovaleric acid its characteristic structure and properties. | ||
== | ==Biological Role== | ||
In biological systems, isovaleric acid is a product of the metabolism of the amino acid [[leucine]]. It is involved in various metabolic pathways and can be found in the [[human body]] as well as in other organisms. Isovaleric acid is also a component of [[sweat]] and contributes to the characteristic odor of [[body odor]]. | |||
== | ==Industrial Uses== | ||
Isovaleric acid is used in the production of various [[esters]], which are employed as [[flavoring agents]] and [[fragrances]]. It is also used in the synthesis of [[pharmaceuticals]] and [[agrochemicals]]. | |||
== | ==Isovaleric Acidemia== | ||
Isovaleric acid | [[Isovaleric acidemia]] is a rare [[metabolic disorder]] caused by a deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is involved in the breakdown of leucine. This condition leads to the accumulation of isovaleric acid in the body, resulting in symptoms such as vomiting, lethargy, and a distinctive "sweaty feet" odor. Management of isovaleric acidemia involves dietary restrictions and supplementation with [[glycine]] and [[carnitine]]. | ||
[[ | ==Synthesis== | ||
[[ | Isovaleric acid can be synthesized through various chemical processes. One common method involves the oxidation of [[isovaleraldehyde]]. It can also be produced by the fermentation of certain [[bacteria]] that metabolize leucine. | ||
{{ | |||
[[File:HMB_synthesis.svg|thumb|left|Synthesis of HMB]] | |||
==Related Compounds== | |||
Isovaleric acid is related to several other compounds, including: | |||
* [[Valeric acid]] | |||
* [[Isobutyric acid]] | |||
* [[3-Methylbutanoic acid]] | |||
==Related Pages== | |||
* [[Carboxylic acid]] | |||
* [[Fatty acid]] | |||
* [[Metabolic disorder]] | |||
* [[Leucine]] | |||
{{Short description|Branched-chain fatty acid}} | |||
{{Chemical compound}} | |||
[[Category:Carboxylic acids]] | |||
[[Category:Fatty acids]] | |||
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:58, 23 March 2025
Isovaleric acid is a branched-chain fatty acid with the chemical formula (CH₃)₂CHCH₂COOH. It is a colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in most organic solvents. Isovaleric acid is known for its pungent odor, which is often described as similar to that of sweaty feet or cheese.
Chemical Properties[edit]
Isovaleric acid is a carboxylic acid and is classified as a short-chain fatty acid. It is a structural isomer of valeric acid, differing in the branching of its carbon chain. The presence of a methyl group on the second carbon atom gives isovaleric acid its characteristic structure and properties.
Biological Role[edit]
In biological systems, isovaleric acid is a product of the metabolism of the amino acid leucine. It is involved in various metabolic pathways and can be found in the human body as well as in other organisms. Isovaleric acid is also a component of sweat and contributes to the characteristic odor of body odor.
Industrial Uses[edit]
Isovaleric acid is used in the production of various esters, which are employed as flavoring agents and fragrances. It is also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Isovaleric Acidemia[edit]
Isovaleric acidemia is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is involved in the breakdown of leucine. This condition leads to the accumulation of isovaleric acid in the body, resulting in symptoms such as vomiting, lethargy, and a distinctive "sweaty feet" odor. Management of isovaleric acidemia involves dietary restrictions and supplementation with glycine and carnitine.
Synthesis[edit]
Isovaleric acid can be synthesized through various chemical processes. One common method involves the oxidation of isovaleraldehyde. It can also be produced by the fermentation of certain bacteria that metabolize leucine.
Related Compounds[edit]
Isovaleric acid is related to several other compounds, including:
Related Pages[edit]
Branched-chain fatty acid
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This chemical compound related article is a stub.
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