Bornaprine: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Overview of the anticholinergic drug Bornaprine}} | |||
{{Drugbox | |||
| verifiedfields = changed | |||
| verifiedrevid = 477002123 | |||
| IUPAC_name = 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-yl propanoate | |||
| image = Bornaprine.svg | |||
| image2 = Bornaprine_synthesis.svg | |||
| image3 = Bornaprine.Pathway.jpg | |||
}} | |||
'''Bornaprine''' is a [[muscarinic antagonist]] used primarily as an [[antiparkinsonian agent]]. It is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of [[anticholinergic]] drugs, which are used to treat [[Parkinson's disease]] and other conditions involving [[extrapyramidal symptoms]]. | |||
Bornaprine | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Bornaprine acts by inhibiting the action of [[acetylcholine]] on muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system. This action helps to restore the balance between [[dopamine]] and acetylcholine, which is often disrupted in Parkinson's disease. By reducing the activity of acetylcholine, bornaprine alleviates symptoms such as [[tremor]], [[rigidity]], and [[bradykinesia]]. | |||
== | ==Chemical Structure== | ||
[[File:Bornaprine.svg|thumb|right|Bornaprine chemical structure]] | |||
Bornaprine is a bicyclic compound with a unique structure that includes a 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system. This structure is crucial for its activity as a muscarinic antagonist. | |||
Bornaprine is | ==Synthesis== | ||
[[File:Bornaprine_synthesis.svg|thumb|left|Synthesis of Bornaprine]] | |||
The synthesis of bornaprine involves several steps, starting from basic organic compounds. The process includes the formation of the bicyclic ring system and the introduction of the propanoate ester group, which is essential for its pharmacological activity. | |||
== | ==Metabolism== | ||
[[File:Bornaprine.Pathway.jpg|thumb|right|Pathway of Bornaprine]] | |||
Bornaprine is metabolized in the liver, primarily through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The metabolic pathway involves the conversion of bornaprine into several metabolites, which are then excreted in the urine. Understanding the metabolic pathway is important for optimizing dosing regimens and minimizing potential side effects. | |||
==Clinical Use== | |||
Bornaprine is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and other conditions characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms. It is particularly effective in reducing tremors and muscle stiffness. The drug is usually administered orally, and the dosage is adjusted based on the patient's response and tolerance. | |||
== | ==Side Effects== | ||
Common side effects of bornaprine include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. These effects are typical of anticholinergic drugs and result from the blockade of muscarinic receptors in peripheral tissues. In some cases, patients may experience confusion or memory impairment, particularly at higher doses. | |||
==Related Pages== | |||
* [[Anticholinergic]] | |||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | * [[Parkinson's disease]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Muscarinic antagonist]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Extrapyramidal symptoms]] | ||
[[Category:Antiparkinsonian agents]] | |||
[[Category:Muscarinic antagonists]] | |||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:51, 23 March 2025
Overview of the anticholinergic drug Bornaprine
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Bornaprine is a muscarinic antagonist used primarily as an antiparkinsonian agent. It is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of anticholinergic drugs, which are used to treat Parkinson's disease and other conditions involving extrapyramidal symptoms.
Pharmacology[edit]
Bornaprine acts by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system. This action helps to restore the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine, which is often disrupted in Parkinson's disease. By reducing the activity of acetylcholine, bornaprine alleviates symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Chemical Structure[edit]
Bornaprine is a bicyclic compound with a unique structure that includes a 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system. This structure is crucial for its activity as a muscarinic antagonist.
Synthesis[edit]
The synthesis of bornaprine involves several steps, starting from basic organic compounds. The process includes the formation of the bicyclic ring system and the introduction of the propanoate ester group, which is essential for its pharmacological activity.
Metabolism[edit]
Bornaprine is metabolized in the liver, primarily through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The metabolic pathway involves the conversion of bornaprine into several metabolites, which are then excreted in the urine. Understanding the metabolic pathway is important for optimizing dosing regimens and minimizing potential side effects.
Clinical Use[edit]
Bornaprine is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and other conditions characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms. It is particularly effective in reducing tremors and muscle stiffness. The drug is usually administered orally, and the dosage is adjusted based on the patient's response and tolerance.
Side Effects[edit]
Common side effects of bornaprine include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. These effects are typical of anticholinergic drugs and result from the blockade of muscarinic receptors in peripheral tissues. In some cases, patients may experience confusion or memory impairment, particularly at higher doses.
