Bone marrow examination: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:40, 23 March 2025

Bone Marrow Examination[edit]

A bone marrow examination is a diagnostic procedure that involves the extraction and analysis of bone marrow tissue. This procedure is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various hematological disorders, including leukemia, lymphoma, and anemia.

Types of Bone Marrow Examination[edit]

Bone marrow examination typically involves two main types of procedures: bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy.

Bone Marrow Aspiration[edit]

Bone marrow aspiration involves the removal of a small amount of the liquid portion of the marrow. This procedure is often performed to evaluate the types and numbers of blood cells present in the marrow. It is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions like acute leukemia and aplastic anemia.

Bone Marrow Biopsy[edit]

A bone marrow biopsy involves the removal of a small, solid piece of bone marrow tissue. This procedure provides information about the architecture of the bone marrow and is essential for diagnosing conditions such as myelofibrosis and metastatic cancer.

Procedure[edit]

The bone marrow examination is typically performed under local anesthesia. The most common site for the procedure is the posterior iliac crest of the pelvis. The patient is positioned appropriately, and the area is cleaned and anesthetized.

Aspiration Procedure[edit]

A special needle is inserted into the bone, and a syringe is used to aspirate the liquid marrow. The sample is then placed on slides for microscopic examination.

Biopsy Procedure[edit]

For a biopsy, a larger needle is used to obtain a core of bone marrow tissue. This sample is processed and examined under a microscope to assess the cellularity and structure of the marrow.

Microscopic Examination[edit]

Bone marrow core biopsy microscopy (trephine) H&E panorama

The samples obtained from bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are stained and examined under a microscope. The examination focuses on the morphology of the cells, the presence of abnormal cells, and the overall cellularity of the marrow.

Clinical Significance[edit]

Bone marrow examination is a critical tool in the diagnosis and management of hematological diseases. It helps in:

Diagnosing blood disorders such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
Evaluating the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.
Investigating unexplained anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia.

Complications[edit]

While generally safe, bone marrow examination can have complications such as bleeding, infection, and pain at the biopsy site. These are rare and usually minor.

Related Pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Bone marrow examination''' is a medical procedure that involves the study of bone marrow, the soft, spongy tissue found in the interior of bones. This examination is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various hematological (blood-related) and oncological (cancer-related) conditions. The procedure is typically performed by a hematologist or an oncologist and involves two main techniques: bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy.
+==Bone Marrow Examination==
-==Bone Marrow Aspiration==
+[[File:Site_for_procedure_of_Bone_Marrow.jpg|Site for procedure of Bone Marrow|thumb|right]]
-Bone marrow aspiration involves the removal of a small amount of liquid bone marrow, usually from the posterior iliac crest (back of the hip bone), using a needle. This procedure allows for the examination of the types of cells in the bone marrow, their number, and morphology. It is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as leukemia, anemia, and infections.
+A '''bone marrow examination''' is a diagnostic procedure that involves the extraction and analysis of bone marrow tissue. This procedure is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various [[hematological disorders]], including [[leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], and [[anemia]].
-==Bone Marrow Biopsy==
+==Types of Bone Marrow Examination==
-A bone marrow biopsy is often performed in conjunction with the aspiration. It involves the extraction of a small, solid piece of bone marrow tissue. This technique is essential for evaluating the architecture of the bone marrow and is crucial for diagnosing diseases such as lymphomas and fibrosis.
+Bone marrow examination typically involves two main types of procedures: [[bone marrow aspiration]] and [[bone marrow biopsy]].
-==Indications==
+===Bone Marrow Aspiration===
-Bone marrow examination is indicated for:
+[[File:Bone_marrow_aspiration.jpg|Bone marrow aspiration|thumb|left]]
-* Diagnosis of hematological diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
+Bone marrow aspiration involves the removal of a small amount of the liquid portion of the marrow. This procedure is often performed to evaluate the types and numbers of blood cells present in the marrow. It is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions like [[acute leukemia]] and [[aplastic anemia]].
-* Evaluation of fever of unknown origin.
-* Assessment of iron stores in cases of anemia.
+===Bone Marrow Biopsy===
-* Staging of cancers that may spread to the bone marrow.
+[[File:Bone_marrow_biopsy.jpg|Bone marrow biopsy|thumb|right]]
-* Monitoring response to therapy in hematological diseases.
+A bone marrow biopsy involves the removal of a small, solid piece of bone marrow tissue. This procedure provides information about the architecture of the bone marrow and is essential for diagnosing conditions such as [[myelofibrosis]] and [[metastatic cancer]].
 ==Procedure==
-The procedure for a bone marrow examination typically involves the following steps:
+The bone marrow examination is typically performed under local anesthesia. The most common site for the procedure is the posterior iliac crest of the pelvis. The patient is positioned appropriately, and the area is cleaned and anesthetized.
-# The patient is positioned either lying on their side or stomach.
-# The skin over the biopsy site is cleaned, and a local anesthetic is applied to numb the area.
+===Aspiration Procedure===
-# A special biopsy needle is inserted through the skin and into the bone marrow cavity.
+A special needle is inserted into the bone, and a syringe is used to aspirate the liquid marrow. The sample is then placed on slides for microscopic examination.
-# For aspiration, a syringe is attached to the needle to draw out liquid marrow. For biopsy, a core of marrow is extracted.
-# The needle is removed, and pressure is applied to the site to stop any bleeding.
+===Biopsy Procedure===
+[[File:Bone_marrow_biopsy_needle.jpg|Bone marrow biopsy needle|thumb|left]]
+For a biopsy, a larger needle is used to obtain a core of bone marrow tissue. This sample is processed and examined under a microscope to assess the cellularity and structure of the marrow.
-==Risks and Complications==
+==Microscopic Examination==
-While bone marrow examination is generally safe, it may involve certain risks and complications such as:
+[[File:Bone_marrow_core_biopsy_microscopy_(trephine)_H&E_panorama_by_gabriel_caponetti.jpg|Bone marrow core biopsy microscopy (trephine) H&E panorama|thumb|right]]
-* Pain and discomfort at the biopsy site.
+The samples obtained from bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are stained and examined under a microscope. The examination focuses on the morphology of the cells, the presence of abnormal cells, and the overall cellularity of the marrow.
-* Bleeding.
-* Infection.
-* Rarely, a fracture of the bone if the needle is not correctly inserted.
-==Aftercare==
+==Clinical Significance==
-Following the procedure, patients are advised to:
+Bone marrow examination is a critical tool in the diagnosis and management of hematological diseases. It helps in:
-* Keep the biopsy site clean and dry.
-* Monitor for signs of infection.
-* Avoid strenuous activities for a few days.
-==Interpretation of Results==
+* Diagnosing blood disorders such as [[leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], and [[myelodysplastic syndromes]].
-The results of a bone marrow examination are interpreted by a pathologist. The findings can provide valuable information about the presence of diseases, the stage of a disease, and the response to treatment. Abnormal results may indicate conditions such as anemia, infections, blood cancers, and marrow fibrosis.
+* Evaluating the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.
+* Investigating unexplained anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia.
+==Complications==
+While generally safe, bone marrow examination can have complications such as bleeding, infection, and pain at the biopsy site. These are rare and usually minor.
+==Related Pages==
+* [[Hematology]]
+* [[Leukemia]]
+* [[Lymphoma]]
+* [[Anemia]]
+[[Category:Medical procedures]]
 [[Category:Hematology]]
-[[Category:Oncology]]
-[[Category:Medical procedures]]
-{{medicine-stub}}
-== Bone_marrow_examination ==
-<gallery>
-File:Bone_marrow_core_biopsy_microscopy_(trephine)_H&E_panorama_by_gabriel_caponetti.jpg|Bone marrow core biopsy microscopy (trephine) H&E panorama
-File:Site_for_procedure_of_Bone_Marrow.jpg|Site for procedure of Bone Marrow
-File:Bone_marrow_biopsy_needle.jpg|Bone marrow biopsy needle
-File:Bone_marrow_biopsy.jpg|Bone marrow biopsy
-File:Bone_marrow_aspiration.jpg|Bone marrow aspiration
-</gallery>
-<gallery>
-File:Acute_leukemia-ALL.jpg|Acute leukemia - ALL
-File:Bone_marrow_core_biopsy_microscopy_(trephine)_H&E_panorama_by_gabriel_caponetti.jpg|Bone marrow core biopsy microscopy (trephine) H&E panorama
-File:Site_for_procedure_of_Bone_Marrow.jpg|Site for procedure of Bone Marrow
-File:Bone_marrow_biopsy_needle.jpg|Bone marrow biopsy needle
-File:Bone_marrow_biopsy.jpg|Bone marrow biopsy
-File:Bone_marrow_aspiration.jpg|Bone marrow aspiration
-</gallery>