Dexmethylphenidate: Difference between revisions
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= Dexmethylphenidate = | ==Dexmethylphenidate== | ||
[[File:Dexmethylphenidate_structure.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Dexmethylphenidate]] | |||
'''Dexmethylphenidate''' is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication primarily used in the treatment of [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) and [[narcolepsy]]. It is the active dextrorotatory enantiomer of [[methylphenidate]], which means it is one of the two mirror-image forms of the compound, specifically the more pharmacologically active form. | |||
== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
[[ | Dexmethylphenidate works by inhibiting the reuptake of [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain, which increases the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. This action enhances neurotransmission and is thought to contribute to its therapeutic effects in ADHD. | ||
The drug is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations. The extended-release form allows for once-daily dosing, which can improve compliance in patients who might otherwise need to take multiple doses throughout the day. | |||
== | ==Medical Uses== | ||
Dexmethylphenidate is primarily prescribed for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. It helps increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients diagnosed with ADHD. It is also used off-label for the treatment of [[narcolepsy]], a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. | |||
== | ==Side Effects== | ||
Common side effects of dexmethylphenidate include: | |||
* [[Insomnia]] | |||
* [[Appetite loss]] | |||
* [[Nervousness]] | |||
* [[Nausea]] | |||
* [[Headache]] | |||
[[ | Serious side effects can include: | ||
* [[Cardiovascular issues]] such as increased heart rate and blood pressure | |||
* [[Psychiatric symptoms]] such as mood swings, aggression, or hallucinations | |||
== | ==Contraindications== | ||
Dexmethylphenidate is contraindicated in individuals with: | |||
* [ | * Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or any of its components | ||
* [ | * [[Glaucoma]] | ||
* Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation | |||
* [[Tourette syndrome]] or a family history of Tourette syndrome | |||
== | ==Mechanism of Action== | ||
[[ | [[File:Dextromethylphenidate-based-on-hydrochloride-xtal-1995-3D-balls.png|thumb|left|3D model of Dextromethylphenidate]] | ||
Dexmethylphenidate acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). By blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, it increases their availability in the brain, which is believed to improve attention and focus in individuals with ADHD. | |||
==Dosage and Administration== | |||
Dexmethylphenidate is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally. The dosage is individualized based on the patient's needs and response to the medication. It is important to follow the prescribing physician's instructions and not to exceed the recommended dose. | |||
==Related Pages== | |||
* [[Methylphenidate]] | |||
* [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] | |||
* [[Central nervous system stimulants]] | |||
[[Category:Stimulants]] | |||
[[Category:ADHD medications]] | |||
[[Category:Nootropics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 11:11, 23 March 2025
Dexmethylphenidate[edit]
Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication primarily used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is the active dextrorotatory enantiomer of methylphenidate, which means it is one of the two mirror-image forms of the compound, specifically the more pharmacologically active form.
Pharmacology[edit]
Dexmethylphenidate works by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which increases the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. This action enhances neurotransmission and is thought to contribute to its therapeutic effects in ADHD.
The drug is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations. The extended-release form allows for once-daily dosing, which can improve compliance in patients who might otherwise need to take multiple doses throughout the day.
Medical Uses[edit]
Dexmethylphenidate is primarily prescribed for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. It helps increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients diagnosed with ADHD. It is also used off-label for the treatment of narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Side Effects[edit]
Common side effects of dexmethylphenidate include:
Serious side effects can include:
- Cardiovascular issues such as increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Psychiatric symptoms such as mood swings, aggression, or hallucinations
Contraindications[edit]
Dexmethylphenidate is contraindicated in individuals with:
- Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or any of its components
- Glaucoma
- Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation
- Tourette syndrome or a family history of Tourette syndrome
Mechanism of Action[edit]
Dexmethylphenidate acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). By blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, it increases their availability in the brain, which is believed to improve attention and focus in individuals with ADHD.
Dosage and Administration[edit]
Dexmethylphenidate is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally. The dosage is individualized based on the patient's needs and response to the medication. It is important to follow the prescribing physician's instructions and not to exceed the recommended dose.
